Ap Comp Gov Saq

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Empirical statement

Back 1

Empirical statement is a statement that is based on observable, and I will fax data or evidence. It describes the way things are or have been, often without expressing any judgment or value.

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Normative statement

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A normative statement is a statement that expresses a value judgment or opinion about what I want to be often reflects, personal, cultural, or societal values and beliefs, rather than objective facts.

Front 3

Causation vs. Correlation

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Causation refers to a cause and effect relationship with one event or variable, directly leads to another.

Correlation is a statistical relationship between two or more variables, but it does not imply a direct cause-and-effect connection.

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Quantitative vs. Qualitative data

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Quantitative data consist of numerical values and measurements, allowing for statistical analysis. It deals with quantities and can be expressed in numbers.

Qualitative data consists of non-numerical information, often in the form of words or descriptions. It provides insights into qualities, characteristics, and attributes.

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Civil society

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Civil society refers to the spirit of voluntary associations, organizations and individuals. Outside of the government. In the market economy plays a vital role in promoting social and political participation, advocacy, and civil engagement.

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Informal politics

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Informal politics, encompasses, the unofficial or noninstitutional aspects of political behavior and decision making this can include behind the scenes negotiations, informal networks, and personal relationships in politics.

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Political institutions

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Political systems refer to the overarching structures involved by which a government operates. Common types include democracies, authoritarian regimes, and totalitarian regimes.

Front 8

Three-World Approach

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The Three-World Approach was a Cold War-era classification of countries into three categories: the First World (capitalist and industrialized), the Second World (communist or socialist), and the Third World (developing or non-aligned nations).

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Political Systems

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Political systems refer to the overarching structures and rules by which a government operates. Common types include democracies, authoritarian regimes, and totalitarian regimes.

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Economic Systems

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Economic systems are the structures and processes that societies use to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services. Common economic systems include capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies.

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IMF (International Monetary Fund)

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The International Monetary Fund is an international financial institution that provides financial assistance, policy advice, and technical assistance to member countries in need. It aims to promote global monetary cooperation and exchange rate stability.

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World Bank

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The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides long-term loans and grants to developing countries for various development projects, such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare, with the goal of reducing poverty.

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State

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A state is a political entity characterized by a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. It is a key actor in international relations.

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Sovereignty

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Sovereignty is the authority of a state to govern itself without external interference. It includes the power to make and enforce laws within its territory.

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Nation

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A nation is a group of people who share a common identity, often based on shared history, culture, language, and values. It may or may not coincide with the borders of a state.

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Bi-National State

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A bi-national state is a political entity in which two distinct nations coexist within a single state, sharing political institutions and governance.

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Multinational State

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A multinational state is a political entity with multiple distinct nations or ethnic groups residing within its borders. These groups may share political institutions but often have distinct cultural identities.

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Stateless Nations

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Stateless nations are cultural or ethnic groups that lack their own independent state but may seek self-determination or recognition as a separate nation within an existing state.

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Multicore State

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A multicore state is a state with multiple centers of political power and governance, often resulting from regional autonomy or decentralized government structures.

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Regime

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A regime refers to the set of rules, institutions, and practices that govern political authority in a given state or political system. It includes the ruling leadership and the system's characteristics.

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Liberal Democracy

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A liberal democracy is a form of government characterized by representative democracy, the rule of law, protection of individual rights and freedoms, and a market-oriented economy.

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Hybrid Regime/Illiberal Democracy

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A hybrid regime, often referred to as an illiberal democracy, combines elements of democratic governance with significant authoritarian features, such as restricted civil liberties or limited political competition.

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Authoritarian Regime

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An authoritarian regime is a government system characterized by a concentration of power in the hands of a single leader or a small group, often with limited political freedoms and opposition.

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Totalitarian Regimes

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Totalitarian regimes are extreme authoritarian systems where the state seeks to control all aspects of public and private life, leaving little room for individual freedoms or dissent.