Anatomy Chapter 10 The Muscular System

Front 1

Prime Mover (Agonist)

Anatagonists

Synergists

Back 1

Functional Group Classifications of Muscle (3)

Front 2

Prime Mover (Agonist)

Back 2

- Muscle that has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement of that movement

- Ex: Pectoralis major muscle of arm flexion

Front 3

Antagonists

Back 3

- Muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement

- Regulate action of prime mover with resistance (Opposite side of joint)

Ex: Latissimus dorsi of arm flexion

- Can also be prime mover

Ex: Latissimus dorsi of arm extension

Front 4

Synergists

Back 4

- Help prime movers by adding extra force to same movement or by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movements

Front 5

Fixators

Back 5

- When synergists immobilize a bone or muscle origin so prime mover has stable base

Front 6

Flexion

Back 6

A muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces:

Front 7

Extension

Back 7

A muscle that crosses the posterior side of a joint produces:

Front 8

Abduction

Back 8

A muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint produces:

Front 9

Adduction

Back 9

A muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint produces adduction:

Front 10

Deltoid

Trapezius

Back 10

2 Examples of muscles named for their distinctive shapes

Front 11

Maximus

Minimus

Longus

Brevis

Back 11

Largest

Smallest

Long

Short

In muscle size means?

Front 12

Rectus

Back 12

Naming muscles by the direction of fibers: the fibers run parallel to the midline of the body or the longitudinal axis of a limb bone

Front 13

Transversus

Back 13

Naming muscles by direction of fibers: the fibers run at right angles to the longitudinal axis of a limb bone or to midline of body

Front 14

Oblique

Back 14

Naming muscles by direction of fibers: the fibers run obliquely to the longitudinal axis of a limb bone or to midline of body

Front 15

Heads

Back 15

Ceps, mean?

Each attached to a different origin

Front 16

Orbicularis Oculi

Back 16

- Thin, flat sphincter muscle of eyelid; surround rim of the orbit

- Closes eye; produces blinking and squinting; draws eyebrows inferiorly

Front 17

Orbicularis Oris

Back 17

- Complicated multilayered muscle of the lips with fibers that run in many different directions; most run circularly

- Closes lips; purses and protrudes lips; kissing and whistling

Front 18

Masseter

Back 18

- Powerful muscle that covers lateral aspect of mandibular ramus

- Prime mover of jaw closure; elevates madible

Front 19

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 19

- Two-headed muscle located on anterolateral surface of neck

- Flexes and laterally rotates the head

Front 20

Scalenes

Back 20

- Located more laterally than anteriorly on neck

- Flexes and rotates neck; elevates first two ribs

Front 21

Erector Spinae

Back 21

- Prime mover of back extension

- Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column

Front 22

Rectus Abdominus

Back 22

- Medial superficial muscle pair; extend from pubis to rib cage

- Flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column

- Fix and depress ribs, stabilize pelvis during walking, increase intra-abdominal pressure; used in sit-ups and curls

Front 23

External Oblique

Back 23

- Largest, most superficial lateral muscle

- Flex vertebral column and aids in rotating trunking and flexing laterally

- Oblique curls

Front 24

Pectoralis Minor

Back 24

- Flat, thin muscle directly beneath and obscured by pectoralis major

- Moves rib superiorly or draws scapula forward and downward

Front 25

Serratus Anterior

Back 25

- Fan-shaped muscle; lies deep to scapula

- Important in abducting and raising arm, horizontal arm movements

- Rotates scapula so its inferior angle moves laterally and upward

- Pushing, punching, "boxer's muscle"

Front 26

Trapezius

Back 26

- Most superficial muscle of posterior thorax

- Adduct scapula, elevate scapula, help extend head

- Shrugging

Front 27

Pectoralis Major

Back 27

- Large, fan shaped muscle covering superior portion of chest

- Adducts and medially rotates arm, assists in flexion and extension of arm

- Climbing, throwing, pushing

Front 28

Deltoid

Back 28

- Thick, multipennate muscle forming rounded shoulder muscle mass

- Prime mover of arm abduction, antagonist of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

- Arm-swinging while walking

Front 29

Latissimus Dorsi

Back 29

- Broad, flat, triangular muscle of lower back (lumbar region)

- Prime mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotates arm at shoulder

- Striking a blow, hammering, swimming, rowing, chin-ups

Front 30

Supraspinatus

Back 30

- Named for its location on posterior aspect of a scapula

- Initiates abduction of arm

- Helps prevent downward dislocation of humerus, as when carrying a heavy suitcase

Front 31

Infraspinatus

Back 31

- Partially covered by deltoid and trapezius; named for scapular location

- Rotates arm laterally

- Holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stabilizes shoulder joint

Front 32

Teres Minor

Back 32

- Small, elongated muscle inferior to infraspinatus

- Rotates arm laterally

- Holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stabilizes shoulder joint

Front 33

Teres Major

Back 33

- Thick, rounded muscle; located inferior to teres minor

- Extends, medially rotates and adducts arm

- Synergist of latissimus dorsi

Front 34

Triceps Brachii

Back 34

- Large fleshy muscle; the only muscle of posterior compartment of arm

- Powerful forearm extensor prime mover, antagonist of forearm flexors, assist in arm adduction

- Spans shoulder and elbow joint

Front 35

Anconeus

Back 35

- Short, triangular muscle; blended with distal end of triceps on posterior humerus

- Control ulnar abduction during forearm pronation

- Synergist of triceps brachii in elbow extension

Front 36

Biceps Brachii

Back 36

- Two-headed fusiform muscle; tendon of long head helps stabilize shoulder joint

- Flexes and supinates forearm, weak flexor of arm at shoulder

- Opening bottle of wine

- Spans shoulder and elbow joint

Front 37

Brachialis

Back 37

- Strong muscle that is immediately deep to biceps brachii on distal humerus

- Major forearm flexor (lifts ulna as biceps lift the radius)

Front 38

Iliopsoas

Back 38

- Composite of Iliacus and Psoas Major

- Prime mover for thigh flexion, trunk flexion, lateral trunk flexion

- Bowing

Front 39

Sartorius

Back 39

- Straplike superficial muscle running obliquely across anterior surface of thigh to knee; longest muscle in body; crosses both hip and knee joints

- Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh; weak knee flexor

- Cross-legged position

- Spans hip and knee joint

Front 40

Quadriceps Femoris

Back 40

- Forms the flesh of front and sides of thigh consisting of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis

- Powerful knee extensor used in climbing, jumping, running and rising from seated position

Front 41

Rectus Femoris

Back 41

- Superficial muscle of anterior thigh

- Extends leg and flexes thigh at hip

- Spans hip and knee joint

Front 42

Vastus Lateralis

Back 42

- Largest head of the quadriceps femoris

- Extends and stabilizes leg

Front 43

Vastus Medialis

Back 43

- Forms inferomedial aspect of thigh

- Extends leg

Front 44

Tensor Fascia Lata

Back 44

- Enclosed between fascia layers of anterolateral aspect of thigh

- Flexes and abducts thigh; rotates thigh medially

Front 45

Gluteus Maximus

Back 45

- Largest and most superficial gluteus muscle; forms bulk of buttock mass

- Major extensor of thigh, laterally rotates and abducts thigh

- Climbing stairs and running

Front 46

Hamstrings

Back 46

- Fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh consisting of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

- Prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion

- Spans hip and knee joints

Front 47

Biceps Femoris

Back 47

- Most lateral muscle of the hamstrings

- Extends thigh and flexes leg; laterally rotates leg, especially when knee is flexed

Front 48

Semitendinosus

Back 48

- Lies medial to biceps femoris

- Extends thigh and flexes leg; helps semimembranosus medially rotate leg

Front 49

Semimembranosus

Back 49

- Deep to semitendinosus

- Extends thigh and flexes leg; medially rotates leg

Front 50

Tibialis Anterior

Back 50

- Superficial muscle of anterior leg; laterally parallels sharp anterior margin of tibia

- Prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot; helps support medial longitudinal arch of foot

Front 51

Extensor digitorum longus

Back 51

- Unipennate muscle on anterolateral surface of leg; lateral to tibialis anterior muscle

- Prime mover of toe extension; dorsiflexes foot

Front 52

Triceps Surae

Back 52

- Refers to muscle pair Gastrocnemius and Soleus that shapes the posterior calf

- Prime movers of ankle plantar flexion

Front 53

Gastrocnemius

Back 53

- Superficial muscle of the triceps surae

- Plantar flexes foot when leg is extended; can flex knee when foot is dorsiflexed

- Spans knee to ankle

Front 54

Soleus

Back 54

- Broad, flat muscle, deep to gastrocnemius on posterior surface of calf

- Plantar flexes foot; important locomotor and postural muscle during walking, running and dancing

Front 55

Flexor digitorum longus

Back 55

- Long, narrow, deep muscle of posterior leg

- Plantar flexes and inverts foot; flexes toes; helps foot "grip" ground

Front 56

Prime Mover: Sternocleidomastoid

Synergist: Scalenes

Antagonist: Trapezius

Back 56

Neck Flexion Muscle Groups (SST)

Same as Neck Rotation. Opposite to Neck Extension.

Front 57

Prime Mover: Rectus Abdominus

Synergist: External Obliques

Antagonist: Erector Spinae

Back 57

Trunk Flexion Muscle Groups (REE)

Front 58

Prime Mover: Pectoralis Major
Synergist: Deltoid or Biceps Brachii
Antagonist: Latissimus Dorsi

Fixator: Trapezius; Serratus Anterior

Back 58

Shoulder Flexion Muscle Groups (PDBLTS)

Front 59

Prime Mover: Latissimus Dorsi
Synergist: Teres Major
Antagonist: Pectoralis Major

Back 59

Shoulder Extension Muscle Groups (LTP)

Front 60

Prime Mover: Deltoid
Synergist: Supraspinatus
Antagonist: Pectoralis Major; Latissimus Doris; Teres Minor; Teres Major

Back 60

Shoulder Abduction Muscle Groups (DSPLTT)

Front 61

Prime Mover: Pectoralis Major
Synergist: Latissimus Doris, Teres Minor
Antagonist: Deltoid

Back 61

Shoulder Adduction Muscle Groups (PLTD)

Front 62

Prime Mover: Brachialis
Synergist: Biceps Brachii
Antagonist: Triceps Brachii

Back 62

Elbow Flexion Muscle Group (BBT)

Front 63

Prime Mover: Triceps Brachii
Synergist: Anaconeus
Antagonist: Brachialis

Back 63

Elbow Extension Muscle Group (TAB)

Front 64

Prime Mover: Iliopsoas
Synergist: Sartorius, Rectus Femoris
Antagonist: Gluteus Maximus

Back 64

Hip Flexion Muscle Groups (ISRG)

Front 65

Prime Mover: Gluteus Maximus
Synergist: Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus)
Antagonist: Iliopsoas, Rectus Femoris

Back 65

Hip Extension Muscle Groups (GHIR)

Front 66

Prime Mover: Biceps Femoris
Synergist: Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus
Antagonist: Rectus Femoris

Back 66

Knee Flexion Muscle Groups (BSSR)

Front 67

Prime Mover: Rectus Femoris

Synergist: Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis

Antagonist: Biceps Femoris

Back 67

Knee Extension Muscle Groups (RVVB)

Front 68

Prime Mover: Triceps Surae (Gastrocnemius and Soleus)
Synergist: Flexor Digitorum Longus
Antagonist: Tibialis Anterior

Back 68

Plantar Flexion (Ankle Extension) Muscle Groups (TFT)

Front 69

Prime Mover: Tibialis Anterior

Synergist: Extensor Digitorum Longus

Antagonist: Triceps Surae (Gastrocnemius and Soleus)

Back 69

Dorsiflexion (Ankle Flexion) Muscles Groups (TET)

Front 70

Prime Mover: Gluteus Medius

Synergist: Gluteus Maximus, Tensor Fascia Lata, Rectus Femoris

Antagonist: Adductors

Back 70

Hip Abduction Muscle Groups (GGTRA)

Front 71

Prime Mover: Adductors

Synergist: Pectineus, Gracilis

Antagonist: Gluteus Medius

Back 71

Hip Adduction Muscle Groups (APGG)

Front 72

Rectus Abdominis

External Oblique

Internal Oblique

Transversus Abdominis

-Flexes and rotates lumbar region of vertebral column.

Back 72

Name 4 abdominal muscles and their function.

Front 73

Bell's Palsy

Back 73

Sudden weakness in the muscles on one half of the face

Front 74

- Make expressions

- Insertions are in skin or other muscles, not bones

Back 74

What is unique about facial muscles? (2)

Front 75

Zygomaticus

Back 75

Muscle that raises lateral corners of mouth toa smile.