1. The major surface muscles include the following: Trapezius, Deltoids, latissimus dorsi, Pectoralis major, Biceps, Triceps, Rectus femoris, bicep femoris, semitendinosus, Gluteus muscles, abdominals, Lateral Gastrocnemius, serratus dorsi, external oblique, and soleus.
Trapezius- Origin:
Upper: Base of skull, Occipital protuberance and posterior ligaments of neck.
Middle: spinous process of 7C and T1-T3
Lower: Spinous process of T4-T12
Insertion:
Upper: Posterior aspect of the lateral clavicle.
Middle: Medial border if the acromion process and the upper boarder of the acromion
Lower: Base of the scapular spine.
Action:
Upper: Scapula elevation and extension of the head at neck
Middle: Elevation, upward rotation and adduction of scapula
Lower: Depression adduction, upward rotation of the scapula. Exercise: EZ bar upright rows and Barbell shrugs Deltoids- Origin: Anterior: Anterior lateral third of clavicle Middle: Lateral aspects of acromion Posterior: Inferior edge of spine scapula Insertion: Anterior: Deltoid tuberocity on lateral humerous Middle: Deltoid tuerocity on lateral humerous Posterior: Deltoid tuberocity on lateral humerous Action: Anterior: Abduction, flexion, horizontal adduction and internal rotation of glenohumeral joint Middle: Abduction of the glenohumeral joint Posterior: Abduction, extension, horizontal abduction and external rotation of glenohumeral joint Exercise: Lateral Deltoid raises, Military press, Overhead press. Latissimus Dorsi- Origin: Posterior crest of illium, back of sacrum and spinious process of lumbar and lower T6-T12. Insertion: Medial side of tubercular groove of humerus Action: Addition, Extension and internal rotation of glenohumeral joint; horizontal abduction of glenohumeral joint. Exercise: Deadlift, Barbell rows, Single arm dumbbell rows Pectoralis Major- Origin: Clavicular: Medial half anterior surface of clavicle Sternal: Anterior surfaces of costal cartilage of first 6 ribs and adjacent portion of sternum Insertion: Clavicular: Flat tendon 2 or 3 inches wide to the outer lip of intertubercular Sternal: Groove of humerus Action: Clavicular: Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, flexion abduction, and adduction Sternal: internal rotation, horizontal adduction, extension, and adduction of the glenohumeral joint Exercise: Bench press, dumbbell bench press, Incline, decline, and flat chest flyes. …show more content…
Biceps brachii- origin:
Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle above the superior lip of glenoid fossa
Short head: Coracoid process of scapula and upper lip of glenoid fossa
Insertion:
Tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis
Action:
Flexion of elbow, supination of forearm, weak flexion of shoulder joint
Exercise:
Bicep curl, hammer curl, barbell curl.
Triceps brachii- origin:
Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle below inferior lip of glenoid fossa scapula
Lateral head: Upper half of posterior or surface of humerus
Medial head: Distal 2/3 of posterior surface of humerus
Insertion:
Olecranon process of ulna
Action:
Long, lateral, medial head: Are involved in the extension of the elbow. Exercise: Tricep rope pull downs, Skull crushers, Tricep kickback Rectus Femoris- origin: Anterior iliac spine of the ilium and groove above the acetabulum Insertion: Superior aspect of patella and patellar tendon of tibial tuberosity Action: Flexion of hip, Extension of knee. Exercise: Squat, leg extension, leg press. Bicep femoris- origin: Long head: ischial tuberosity Short head: lower half of linea aspera, and lateral condyloid ridge Insertion: Lateral condyloid of tibia and head of fibula. Action: Extension of hip, flexion of knee, internal rotation of hip and knee. Exercise: Squat, Leg curl, standing hamstring curl Semitendinosus- origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Upper anterior medial surface of tibia
Trapezius- Origin:
Upper: Base of skull, Occipital protuberance and posterior ligaments of neck.
Middle: spinous process of 7C and T1-T3
Lower: Spinous process of T4-T12
Insertion:
Upper: Posterior aspect of the lateral clavicle.
Middle: Medial border if the acromion process and the upper boarder of the acromion
Lower: Base of the scapular spine.
Action:
Upper: Scapula elevation and extension of the head at neck
Middle: Elevation, upward rotation and adduction of scapula
Lower: Depression adduction, upward rotation of the scapula. Exercise: EZ bar upright rows and Barbell shrugs Deltoids- Origin: Anterior: Anterior lateral third of clavicle Middle: Lateral aspects of acromion Posterior: Inferior edge of spine scapula Insertion: Anterior: Deltoid tuberocity on lateral humerous Middle: Deltoid tuerocity on lateral humerous Posterior: Deltoid tuberocity on lateral humerous Action: Anterior: Abduction, flexion, horizontal adduction and internal rotation of glenohumeral joint Middle: Abduction of the glenohumeral joint Posterior: Abduction, extension, horizontal abduction and external rotation of glenohumeral joint Exercise: Lateral Deltoid raises, Military press, Overhead press. Latissimus Dorsi- Origin: Posterior crest of illium, back of sacrum and spinious process of lumbar and lower T6-T12. Insertion: Medial side of tubercular groove of humerus Action: Addition, Extension and internal rotation of glenohumeral joint; horizontal abduction of glenohumeral joint. Exercise: Deadlift, Barbell rows, Single arm dumbbell rows Pectoralis Major- Origin: Clavicular: Medial half anterior surface of clavicle Sternal: Anterior surfaces of costal cartilage of first 6 ribs and adjacent portion of sternum Insertion: Clavicular: Flat tendon 2 or 3 inches wide to the outer lip of intertubercular Sternal: Groove of humerus Action: Clavicular: Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, flexion abduction, and adduction Sternal: internal rotation, horizontal adduction, extension, and adduction of the glenohumeral joint Exercise: Bench press, dumbbell bench press, Incline, decline, and flat chest flyes. …show more content…
Biceps brachii- origin:
Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle above the superior lip of glenoid fossa
Short head: Coracoid process of scapula and upper lip of glenoid fossa
Insertion:
Tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis
Action:
Flexion of elbow, supination of forearm, weak flexion of shoulder joint
Exercise:
Bicep curl, hammer curl, barbell curl.
Triceps brachii- origin:
Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle below inferior lip of glenoid fossa scapula
Lateral head: Upper half of posterior or surface of humerus
Medial head: Distal 2/3 of posterior surface of humerus
Insertion:
Olecranon process of ulna
Action:
Long, lateral, medial head: Are involved in the extension of the elbow. Exercise: Tricep rope pull downs, Skull crushers, Tricep kickback Rectus Femoris- origin: Anterior iliac spine of the ilium and groove above the acetabulum Insertion: Superior aspect of patella and patellar tendon of tibial tuberosity Action: Flexion of hip, Extension of knee. Exercise: Squat, leg extension, leg press. Bicep femoris- origin: Long head: ischial tuberosity Short head: lower half of linea aspera, and lateral condyloid ridge Insertion: Lateral condyloid of tibia and head of fibula. Action: Extension of hip, flexion of knee, internal rotation of hip and knee. Exercise: Squat, Leg curl, standing hamstring curl Semitendinosus- origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Upper anterior medial surface of tibia