The Muscular System (Ch 10)

Front 1

Prime Mover or Agonist

Back 1

a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement. "leader"

Front 2

Antagonist

Back 2

muscles that oppose, or reverse a particular movement.

Front 3

Synergist

Back 3

help prime movers by (1)adding a little extra force to the same movement or (2) reducing undesirable or unessasary movements the might occur as the prime mover contracts.

Front 4

fixators

Back 4

when the synergist immobilize a bone, or muscle origin.

Front 5

Circular

Back 5

this is when the fasicles are arranged in concentric rings. they surrounds external body openings.

Front 6

Convergent

Back 6

muscle has a broad origin and its facicles converge toward a single tendon or insertion. such muscle is triangular shaped or fan shaped.

Front 7

Parallel

Back 7

type of muscle arrangement.

Front 8

Fusiform Muscles

Back 8

spindel shaped muscles Ex: Biceps brachii muscle of the arm

Front 9

Pennate

Back 9

Patturn, facicales are short and they attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle. (Penna=Feather)

Front 10

Lever Systems

Back 10

Partnerships between the muscular and skeletal systems.

Front 11

Lever or fulcrum

Back 11

Is a rigid bar the moves on a fixed point.

Front 12

Effort

Back 12

The applied force is used to move redsistance -LOAD-

Front 13

Mechanical advantage

Back 13

Conditon that occurs when the load is close to the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum; allows a small effort excerted over a relativly large distance to move a large load over a small distance.

Front 14

Mehcanical Disadvantage

Back 14

Condition that occurs when the load is far from the fulcrum and the effot is applied near the fulcrum; the effort applied must be greater than the load to be moved.

Front 15

First Class-levers

Back 15

the effort is applied at one end of the lever and the load is at the other, with the fulcrum somewhere between.

Front 16

Second class-Levers

Back 16

The effort is applied at the end of the lever and the fulcrum is located at the other, with the load between them.

Front 17

Third Class-Levers

Back 17

The effort is applied between the load adn the fulcrum.

Front 18

Epicranius

Back 18

Bipartie muscle consiting of the frontals and the occupitals muscles connected to the cranial aponerurosis, the galea aponeurotica; the alternate actions of these two muscles pull scalp forward and backwards.

Front 19

Frontalis

Back 19

covers forehead and dome of skull; no bony attachments

Front 20

Occipitals

Back 20

Overlies posterior occiput; by pulling on the galea, fixes origin or frontals

Front 21

Corrugtaor Supercilii

Back 21

Small muscle; activity associated with that of orbicularus oculi.

Front 22

Orbicularis Oculi

Back 22

Thin, tripartie sphincter muscle or eye lid; surrounds rim or orbit.

Front 23

Zygomaticus

Back 23

Muscle pair extending diagonally from cheek bone to corner of mouth

Front 24

Risorius

Back 24

Slender Muscle inferior and lateral to zygomaticus

Front 25

Levator Labii Superioris

Back 25

thin muscle between orbicularis oris and inferior eye margin.

Front 26

Depressor Labii Inferioris

Back 26

Small muscle running from mandible to lower lip.

Front 27

Depressor anguli Oris

Back 27

complicated, mulitiayered muscle of lips with fiber sthat run in many differnt directions; most run circulary.

Front 28

Mentails

Back 28

one of the muscle pair forming a V-shaped muscle mass on chin

Front 29

Buccinator

Back 29

thin, horizontal cheek muscle, principal muscle of the cheek; deep to masseter

Front 30

Platysma

Back 30

Unpaired,thin, sheetlike superfical neck muscle; not strickly a head muscle, but plays a role in facial expressions

Front 31

masseter

Back 31

powerful muscle that covers laeral aspects of mandibular manus

Front 32

Temporalis

Back 32

fan-shaped muscle that covers parts of the temporal, frontal and parietal bones.

Front 33

Medial pterygoid

Back 33

Deep-two headed muscle that runs along an internal surface of mandiable and is largly concealed by that bone.

Front 34

Lateral Pterygoid

Back 34

Deep-two headed muscle; lies superior to medial pterygoid muscle.

Front 35

Digastric

Back 35

Consists of two bellies united by an intermediate tendon, forming a V shape under the chin.

Front 36

Stylohyoid

Back 36

Slender muscle below angle of jaw; parellels posterior belly of digastric muscle.

Front 37

Mylohyoid

Back 37

Flat, triangular muscle just deep to digastric muscle; this muscle pair forms a sling that forms the floor of the anterior mouth.

Front 38

Geniohyoid

Back 38

Narrow muscle in contact with its partener medially; runs from chin to hyoid bone.

Front 39

Sternohyoid

Back 39

Most medial muscle of the neck; thin superfical except inferiorly, where coverd by sternocleidomastoid.

Front 40

Sternothyroid

Back 40

Lateral and deep to sternohyoid.

Front 41

Omohyoid

Back 41

Strap like muscle w/ two bellies united by an intermediate tendo; lateral to the sternohyoid.

Front 42

Thyrohyoid

Back 42

Appers as a continuation of sternothyroid muscle.

Front 43

Pharyngeal constrictor

Back 43

composite of three paired muscles whoose muscle fibers run circulary in pharynx wall; superior muscle is inner most and inferior one is outermost substantial overlap.

Front 44

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 44

Two headed muscle located deep tot eh platysma on anterolateral surface of neck; fleshy parts on either side of neck delineate limits of anterior and posterior triangels; key muscular land mark in neck; muscle spasums of these mucles may cause torticollis.

Front 45

Scalenes

Back 45

Located more laterally then anteriorly on neck; deep to platysma and sternocleidomasoid.

Front 46

Splenius

Back 46

Broad biparties superfical muscle extending from upper thoracic vertebre to skull; capitis portion known as "bandage muscle" becasue it holds down deeper neck muscles.

Front 47

Erector spinae

Back 47

pimemover of back extension helps with the bending at the waist.

Front 48

Lilocostalis

Back 48

Most lateral muscle group of erector spinae muscles; extend from pelvis to neck