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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intuition |
knowing something without using a conscious process of thinking & ability to act purposefully on subconsciously perceived info |
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Centering |
ability to pay attention to a specific area of focus
pay attention to quiet, subtle info amid loud stimulation that blasts our sensory receptors |
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Hypothesis |
if/then |
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RCT |
Randomized control trial |
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Case report |
report on the intervention and outcome for a single client |
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Research library |
the knowledge/understanding of scientific concepts and processes required for decision making |
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Evidence based practice |
use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients |
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Randomized control trials |
each subject has equal chance of being assigned to a group that receives the treatment or a placebo.
Helps prevent bias in outcomes. |
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2 physiologic effects/methods massage can be divided into & who devised these. |
Mechanical & reflexive
Mennell |
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What are the 5 basic physiologic effects of massage? |
nervous system neuroendocrine system circulation connective tissue energy systems
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In what ways do chronic problems affect the connective tissue?
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it becomes fibrotic and involves areas surrounding the dysfunctional area.
it either thickens or thins, or it dries out or becomes waterlogged. |
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What are the 5 types of circulation?
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arterial venous lymphatic respiratory cerebrospinal fluid |
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What 3 words describe the sympathetic ANS function? |
fight or flight
energy using part of ANS (not sure of answer) |
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What one word describes the parasympathetic function? |
relaxation (not sure of answer) |
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What 3 words describe the parasympathetic function? |
restorative normalizing relaxation (not sure of answer) |
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What is the importance of state-dependent memory to the massage therapist? |
it can be useful in allowing client to resolve a past experience that was irresolvable when it occurred. |
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How does massage promote the body’s ability to maintain self-regulation and structural and functional balance? |
? |
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What is the difference in acupressure and acupuncture? |
finger pressure, needle insertion |
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efficacy |
the ability to produce an effect |
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What is the relationship between acupressure points, trigger points and motor points? |
? |
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What causes most of the stress related diseases that physicians see? |
burnout (page 176 maybe?) ?? (no idea - help me find the answer) |
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What structure largely controls the A.N.S. and plays an important role in the mind/body connection? |
hypothalamus
it's also a part of the limbic system |
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According to Hans Selye, what is the body’s response to stress called? |
general adaptation syndrome |
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prefix my = |
muscle |
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suffix algia = |
pain |
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myalgia = |
muscle pain |
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Name the 3 steps of the G.A.S. |
1 alarm reaction 2 resistance reaction 3 exhaustion reaction |
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alarm reaction = |
fight or flight |
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resistance reaction = |
allows body to keep fighting a stressor long after the effects of the alarm reaction have dissipated. |
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exhaustion reaction = |
occurs if the stress response continues without releif |
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4 mechanical benefits of massage |
1 altered pliability of connective tissue 2 stimulation of nerve endings 3 change in local circulation 4 changes in motor tone of muscles |
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Tensegrity principle |
balance of tension (pulling) & compression (pushing) components
inflexibility in one tissue influences the structure and movement of other parts. |
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G.A.S. |
General Adaptation Syndrome
Named by Selye |
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Long term stress triggers the release of which neuroendocrine chemical? |
cortisol |
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What is entrainment? |
"to drag with"
reflexive effect through ANS, synchronization of rhythms |
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What percent of trigger points lie on a meridian? |
80% |
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The body/mind link is best understood where? (which system & subsystem) |
ANS (autonomic nervous system) |
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How does massage interact with the powerful mind/body phenomenon?
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altered state of consciousness is achieved during massage sessions maintained for at least 15 minutes. |
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How does massage stimulate the release of neurotransmitters, endorphins, and enkephalins? |
increases the available levels of these chemicals |
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Resonance |
therapist & client are in sync |
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Resonance on a cellular level |
Body rhythms are affected by biologic oscillators.
The body rhythms of the therapist affect that of the client and vice versa. |
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How does massage effect sympathetic arousal? |
likely it reduces cortisol |
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What type of massage methods help dissipate sympathetic stress hormones (sympathoadrenal response), allowing the system to reestablish homeostasis? |
? |
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Which part of the nervous system does massage initially stimulate? |
sympathetic arousal |
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Proprioceptive hyperactivity has what effect on muscles? |
opposing muscle groups |
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Which receptors provide the body with information about position, movement, muscle length, tendon tension, joint activity and equilibrium? (the general type of receptor and the specific names) |
? |
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Muscle spindles respond to which 2 stimuli? |
fast stretching prolonged stretching |
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What is the muscle reaction to stimulus of the spindle? |
? |
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What stimulates the G.T.O.? |
? |
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What is the muscle reaction to stimulus of the G.T.O.? |
? |
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What are reflexes? |
? |
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Why are reflexes important to the understanding of why massage works? |
? |
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What are the main 2 types of reflexes? |
somatic - skeletal muscles autonomic nervous - smooth muscles (cardiac) |
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The stretch, tendon, flexor/withdrawal and crossed extensor are all what type of reflex? Describe each!!! |
? |
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What is the most common massage technique used to stimulate the tendon reflex? |
postisometric relaxation: increases tension at the tendon. Reciprocal innervation = when one muscle contracts, it's opposing muscle group inhibits. |
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Which somatic reflex takes priority over all other reflex activity occurring at the same time? |
pg 179? |
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What are the 2 basic premises when working with the neuromuscular mechanism? |
1 substitute different neurologic stimulation to support a normal muscle resting length through lengthening and stretching
2 re-eduate the muscles involved |
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What is the influence of massage on the vestibular apparatus and cerebellum? |
alters the body's positional sense allowing it to adjust to a more efficient homeostatic balance |
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How does rocking influence our sense of equilibrium? |
stimulates the inner ear balance |
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Explain the Gate Control Theory. |
Spinal cord gating mechanism: pain impulse passes through large and small diameter nerve fibers. Stimulating large ones helps suppress pain sensation, especially sharp pain.
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How does the gate control theory explain hyperstimulation analgesia and counterirration? |
Inhibition in central sensory pathways is produced by rubbing or shaking an area. |
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What is hyperstimulation analgesia? |
reduction of pain through stimultation |
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How can massage produce counterirration? |
It confuses the senses, changing the perception of pain. DISTRACTION! |
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What role does massage play in relieving nerve impingement? |
impingement: something being pressed on
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What is a trigger point? |
an area of local nerve facilitation produces shortening or microspasm |
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What seems to be the effects of massage on myofascial trigger points? |
stimulation of proprioceptive nerve endings, changes in sarcomere length, release of enkephalin, stretching of musculotendious structures that initiate reflex muscle relaxation, connective tissue changes and increased circulation. |
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What is the difference in entrapment and compression on nerves? |
entrapment: soft tissue pinches nerves. compression: bones pinch a nerve |
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What are the most widely recognized physiologic effects of massage? |
circulation enhancement |
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Buckminster Fuller's architectural principle |
tensegrity |
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In what ways does massage encourage circulation? |
? |
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Which massage method is used to increase arterial blood flow? |
compression |
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What does endogenous mean? |
having an internal cause or origin. |
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Name the 2 endogenous morphine-like compounds. |
enkephalins endorphins
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What is a placebo? |
*a substance that has no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs.
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What is autoregulation? |
control of homeostasis through alteration of tissue or function |
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Explain how the following chemicals are influenced by massage: dopamine; serotonin; epinephrine; norepinephrine; endorphins/enkephalins; oxytocin; cortisol; growth hormone. |
pg 173? |
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Two divisions of the peripheral nervous system |
autonomic (involuntary) somatic (voluntary) |
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neurotransmitters |
chemical in the synapse of the nerve |
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chemical in the bloodstream is called: |
hormone |
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scientific method |
means of objectively researching a concept to determine it's validity |
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Cortisol |
one of the main stress hormones
end result of massage is less cortisol
high levels of it reduce levels of growth hormone |
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growth hormone |
tissue repair and regeneration necessary for tissue healing produced most effectively during deep sleep
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Define the body/mind interaction. |
Psychologic factors contribute to the onset or aggravation of physical disorders and physical diseases can affect a person's thinking or mood.
Mind and body interact in powerful ways that affect a person's health.
Emotional stress can cause or alter the course of even major physical diseases |
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Three types of proprioceptors |
muscle spindles tendon organs joint kinesthetic receptors |
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joint kinesthetic receptors |
receptor found in joint capsule that sends info to nervous system about the joint movement |
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spindle |
located in the belly of the muscles and measures length
respond to sudden and prolonged stretches |
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tendon organs |
-found in musculotendinous organ -measures muscle tension -golgi tendon
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Flexor reflex/withdrawal reflex |
Type of somatic reflex.
Quickly withdraw from dangerous stimulus. |
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Arndt-Schultz Law |
Weak stimuli activate physiologic processes Very strong stimuli inhibit them |
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Bell's Law |
Anterior spinal nerve roots are motor roots Posterior ones are sensory roots
Massage along spine is a strong sensory stimulation |
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Bowditch's Law |
All or None
techniques needs not be extremely intense to produce a response, just enough to begin the process |
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G.T.O. proprioceptor |
Golgi tendon organ located: muscolotendous junction measures: tension stimulus: increased tension reflex: tendon reaction: relax |
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spindle proprioceptor |
location: muscle belly measures: length stimulus: fast/prolonged stretch reflex: stretch reaction: contraction |
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Cannon's law of denervation |
pg 181 |
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body's normal reflexive response to injury |
splint or guard area |
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nociceptor |
only sends one signal to the brain
NO!
pain signal |
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Who developed Gate Control Theory |
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Travell known most for: |
trigger points |
