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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Conflict |
disagreements among people in a society over what the society's priorities should be- is inevitable. |
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Politics |
resolving such conflicts |
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Government |
defined as the individuals and institutions that make society's rules and also possesses the power and authority to enforce those rules. |
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Power |
the ability to influence the behavior of others |
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Authority |
the ability to legitimately exercise power, such as the power to make and enforce laws. |
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Public services |
essential services that individuals cannot provide for themselves. |
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Autocracy |
a form of government in which the power and authority of the government are in the hands of a single person. |
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Monarchy |
a form of autocracy in which a king, queen, or other aristocrat is the highest authority in the government. (these usually earn their power through inheritance) |
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Divine Right Theory |
The theory that a monarchs right to tule was derived directly from God rather than from the consent of the people. |
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Dictatorship |
a form of government in which absolute power is exercised by an individual of group whose power is not supported by tradition. |
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Democracy |
a system of government in which the people have ultimate political authority. |
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Direct Democracy |
A system of government in which political decisions are made by the people themselves rather than by elected representatives. |
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Representative Democracy |
A form of democracy in which the will of the majority is expressed through groups of individuals elected by the people to act as their representatives. |
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Republic |
there is no king or queen and the people are sovereign. |
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Parliament |
the national legislative body in countries governed by a parliamentary system, such as Britain and Canada |
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Limited Government |
a form of government based on the principle that the powers of government should be clearly limited either through written document or through wide public understanding. |
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Liberty |
the freedom of individuals to believe, act, and express themselves as they choose so long as doing so does not infringe on the rights of other individuals in the society. |
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Equality |
a concept that holds, at a minimum, that all people are entitled to equal protection under the law. |
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Capitalism |
an economic system based on the private ownership of wealth. |
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Conservatism |
a set of political beliefs that include a limited role for the national government in helping individuals and in the economic affairs of the nation, as well as support for traditional values and lifestyles.
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Liberalism |
a set of political beliefs that include the advocacy of active government, including government intervention to improve the welfare of individuals and to protect civil rights. |
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Progressivism |
today, an alternative, more popular term for the set of political beliefs. Also known as liberalism. |
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Socialism |
a political ideology, often critical of capitalism, that lies to the left of liberalism on the traditional political spectrum. |
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Mayflower Compact |
a document drawn up by Pilgrim leaders in 1620 on the ship Mayflower. The document stated that laws were to be made for the general good of people. |
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Bill of rights |
the first ten amendments of the US constitution. They list freedoms, religions, and press. |
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First Continental Congress |
a gathering of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies, held in 1774 to protest the Coercive Acts. |
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Second Continental Congress |
the congress of the colonies that met in 1775 to assume the powers of a central government and to establish an army. |
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Great Compromise |
a plan for a bicameral legislature in which one chamber would be based on population and the other chamber would represent each state equally. |
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Three-fifths compromise |
a compromise reached during the Constitutional Convention by which three-fifths of all slaves were to be counted for purposes of representations in the House of Reps. |
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Federalists |
a political group, led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams that supported the adoption of the Constitution and the creation of a federal form of government. |
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Unitary System |
a centralized governmental system in which local or subdivisional governments exercise only those powers given to them by the central government. |
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Confederal System |
a league of independent sovereign states, joined together by a central government that has only limited powers over them. |
