The deep-seated problems of modern society caused by industrialization and urbanization pose complex, highly technical challenges that require expertise, flexibility, and deliberative study over the long term. Solutions cannot be found within traditional governmental structures such as representative assemblies or governors' offices. As a result, governments have formed special¬ized entities within the executive branch to pursue the goals of population health and safety. The modern role of the federal government in public health is broad and complex. Public health functions, which include public funding for health care, safe food, effective …show more content…
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) conducts and supports research, trains investigators, and disseminates scientific information. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ensures that food is pure and safe and that drugs, biologicals, medical devices, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation are safe and effective.
The Department of Labor (DOL) administers a variety of federal labor laws, some of which pertain to workers' rights to safe and healthy working conditions. Specifically, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OS HA) develops occupational safety and health standards and monitors compliance. In 1970, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created to control and reduce pollution in the air, water, and ground.
One of the 10 Essential Public Health Services specifically focuses on assuring a competent public health and personal care workforce, and state health departments have specific responsibilities in this area. Continuous improvement in the quality of services delivered to the citizens of a state includes an ongoing and systematic assessment of the …show more content…
• Preventive Medicine Residencies support existing and develop new residency training programs, and provide financial assistance to enrollees.
• Health Administration Traineeships and Special Projects increase the number of underrepresented minority health administrators and the number of health administrators in underserved areas, support academic and practice linkages, and develop outcomes-based curricula.
• Local/Decentralized—Local health departments are units led by local governments, which make most fiscal decisions.
• Mixed—some local health departments are led by state government, and some are led by local government.
• No one arrangement predominates in the state.
• State/Centralized—All local health departments are units of state government, which makes most fiscal decisions.
• Shared—All local health departments are governed by both state and local authorities.
• A legally designated body whose role is to protect and promote the health of its community Most Provide oversight to the public health agency
• Foster activities such as community health assessment, assurance, and policy