Information technology refers to computer-mediated work where a task is accomplished through the medium of the information system rather than through manual or direct physical contact with the task (Zuboff, 1985). Two basic opposing views exist regarding the impact of information technology on individuals. First, some argue that the computerized workplace is inhumane and workers' jobs are robbed of enriching elements (Attewell & Rule, 1984). These deskilled jobs produce dissatisfaction, alienation, and reduced motivation to perform. On the other hand, some argue that the computer liberates people (Mesthene, 1970). Information technology helps to remove the monotony and make jobs more enriched and satisfying. Zuboff (1988) developed a typology
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Dennis Organ first introduced the concept in the mid 1980s and Concept has the momentum in recent years. Mart and William (2003) stated that citizenship behaviors must be monitored and properly managed in order something is left here for such behaviors to have enhancing rather than deleterious effects on organizational and employee performance. Organ (1988) also noted that defining Organizational Citizenship Behavior as behaviors that are not formally rewarded is actually too broad, as few "in-role" behaviors actually guarantee a formal reward. There is no doubt that Organizational Citizenship Behavior is discretionary behavior of an employee to provide “Extra” to his organization that is not a part of his defined …show more content…
It is the degree to ‘which one is cognitively preoccupied with, engaged in, and concerned with one’s present job (Paullay et al., 1994, p. 224). Job involvement involves the internalization of values about the goodness of work or the importance of work in the worth of the individual (Lodahl & Kejner, 1965). As such individuals who display high involvement in their jobs consider their work to be a very important part of their lives and whether or not they feel good about themselves is closely related to how they perform on their jobs. In other words for highly involved individuals performing well on the job is important for their self-esteem (Lodahl & Kejner, 1965). Because of this, people who are high in job involvement genuinely care for and are concerned about their work (Kanungo, 1982b). It is the general understanding that job satisfaction is an attitude towards
Dennis Organ first introduced the concept in the mid 1980s and Concept has the momentum in recent years. Mart and William (2003) stated that citizenship behaviors must be monitored and properly managed in order something is left here for such behaviors to have enhancing rather than deleterious effects on organizational and employee performance. Organ (1988) also noted that defining Organizational Citizenship Behavior as behaviors that are not formally rewarded is actually too broad, as few "in-role" behaviors actually guarantee a formal reward. There is no doubt that Organizational Citizenship Behavior is discretionary behavior of an employee to provide “Extra” to his organization that is not a part of his defined …show more content…
It is the degree to ‘which one is cognitively preoccupied with, engaged in, and concerned with one’s present job (Paullay et al., 1994, p. 224). Job involvement involves the internalization of values about the goodness of work or the importance of work in the worth of the individual (Lodahl & Kejner, 1965). As such individuals who display high involvement in their jobs consider their work to be a very important part of their lives and whether or not they feel good about themselves is closely related to how they perform on their jobs. In other words for highly involved individuals performing well on the job is important for their self-esteem (Lodahl & Kejner, 1965). Because of this, people who are high in job involvement genuinely care for and are concerned about their work (Kanungo, 1982b). It is the general understanding that job satisfaction is an attitude towards