There are a multitude of explanations for clinical misdiagnosis, however misguided, many are well intentioned. Both under-and-over diagnosing have been justified by clinicians as innocuous because they are in the best interest of the clients. For instance, an argument the clinician may pose could include that the client will be stigmatized if the label is assigned (Kirk et al., 1988). According to Kirk et al., (1988), clinicians frequently select the least noxious diagnosis rather than a more accurate one because they are concerned with confidential information being accessible to insurance companies and other parties, they seek to minimize the damaging effects of the labeling associated with more severe diagnoses, and to reduce the negative
