So 101 Exam 2

Front 1

Category

Back 1

collective of people with something in common without interaction

Front 2

Aggregate

Back 2

People in the same place at the same time with little or no interaction

Front 3

Crowd

Back 3

has some interaction (but short term)

Front 4

Social group

Back 4

2 or more people who identify with something in common without interaction

Front 5

Primary group

Back 5

Enduring, multidimensional (family)

Front 6

Secondary group

Back 6

Large impersonal social group, weak emotional ties, little personal knowledge. Short term

Front 7

Leadership style: Authoritarian

Back 7

Autocratic. Boss gives orders, subordinates obey

Front 8

Leadership style: Democratic

Back 8

Majority rules, opinions matter, everyone is involved

Front 9

Leadership style: Laissez Faire

Back 9

Hand off. Self motivation

Front 10

Bureaucracy

Back 10

Organization made to be efficient

Front 11

Labeling theory

Back 11

Deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions

Front 12

Stigma

Back 12

Powerful negative label that greatly changes a person's self concept

Front 13

Erving Goffman

Back 13

Wrote book "Stigmas", a study of people who were institutionalized

Front 14

3 types of crime:

Back 14

Street crime, white collar (crime in the suites, and hate crime.)

Front 15

Emile Durkheim's thoughts on crime:

Back 15

result of anomie

Front 16

Plea bargaining

Back 16

Legal negotiation where prosecutor reduces a charge in exchange for a defendent's guilty plea.

Front 17

Retribution

Back 17

An act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime

Front 18

Deterrence

Back 18

The attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment (3 strikes law and capital punishment)

Front 19

Colonialism

Back 19

Process by which some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of another nation

Front 20

Neocolonialism

Back 20

Appoint government in another nation that is favorable to them

Front 21

Race

Back 21

About biology. people who share biological traits that members of a society find important

Front 22

Ethnicity

Back 22

Shared cultural interest

Front 23

minority

Back 23

(About power, not numbers.) Category of people who are socially disadvantaged

Front 24

Prejudice

Back 24

Feeling or attitude about a category of people

Front 25

Discrimination

Back 25

Action against a category of people

Front 26

Merton's scale of racism

Back 26

Discrimination
+ -
+ Active bigots Timid bigot

- Fairweather liberal All weather liberal

Front 27

Racism

Back 27

A belief that one racial category is superior to another

Front 28

Affirmative action

Back 28

Equal opportunity. cannot discriminate based on age, sex, religion, race, etc

Front 29

Sex

Back 29

Biological distinction between males and females

Front 30

Gender

Back 30

Personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being male of female

Front 31

Transsexual

Back 31

People who feel they are one sex, when biologically they are another

Front 32

Intersexual

Back 32

People whose bodies have both male and female characteristics

Front 33

Sexual orientation

Back 33

Person's romantic and emotional attraction to another person

Front 34

Patriarchy

Back 34

Organization where males dominate females

Front 35

Matriarchy

Back 35

Organization where females dominate males

Front 36

Sexual discrimination

Back 36

Blatant or hidden comments, gestures. deliberate but unwelcome

Front 37

Feminism

Back 37

Advocacy for social equality between women and men