Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Society
|
The totality of people and social relations in a given geographic space.
|
NA
|
|
|
Ideal Type
|
The pure form of something (like a beauracracy).
|
Not necessarily the best but...
|
|
|
Institution
|
An accepted and persistent constellation of statuses, roles, values, and norms that respond to important societal needs.
|
NA
|
|
|
Social Institutions
|
The answers to society's needs.
|
We need children so...
|
|
|
Habitualized
|
Following routine and continuing that routine simply because it's habit.
|
NA
|
|
|
Monarchy
|
Rule by king or queen
|
NA
|
|
|
Aristocracy
|
Rule by the 'best' few.
|
NA
|
|
|
Tyranny
|
Rule by an absolute or oppressive leader.
|
NA
|
|
|
Theocracy
|
Rule by God or God's representative.
|
NA
|
|
|
Representative Democracy
|
Rule by representati've's of the people.
|
NA
|
|
|
Animism
|
The idea that a life force exists in all living beings and that people should live in harmony with all natural things.
|
NA
|
|
|
Monotheism
|
The belief in a single supernatural sacred being.
|
NA
|
|
|
Polytheism
|
The belief in many gods.
|
NA
|
|
|
Monogamous
|
One wife and one husband.
|
NA
|
|
|
Polygamous
|
Multiple spouses of one sex to one of the other sex.
|
NA
|
|
|
Polygyny
|
Multiple wives for one husband.
|
NA
|
|
|
Polyandry
|
Multiple husbands for one wife.
|
NA
|
|
|
Social Need: Have a continuing supply of new members
Social Instituion: ? |
Family
|
NA
|
|
|
Social Need: Socialize new members
Social Institution: ? |
Family, education, religion
|
NA
|
|
|
Social Need: Deal with members' sickness and health issues
Social Institution: ? |
Medicine
|
NA
|
|
|
Social Need: Select members for certain jobs and tasks
Social Institution: ? |
Education, labor market
|
NA
|
|
|
Social Need: Create knowledge
Social Institution: ? |
Science, religion
|
NA
|
|
|
Social Need: Control its members
Social Institution: ? |
Law enforcement, judicial system, religion
|
NA
|
|
|
Social Need: Defend against its enemies
Social Institution: ? |
Government, military
|
NA
|
|
|
Social Need: Produce and exchange goods and services
Social Institution: ? |
Economic system
|
NA
|
|
|
Social Need: Promote social unity and search for higher meanings
Social Institution: ? |
Education, religion, politics
|
NA
|
|
|
Most ALLOWED type of marriage.
|
Polygyny
|
Not necessarily practiced.
|
|
|
Most PRACTICED type of marriage.
|
Monogamy
|
Not necessarily allowed.
|
|
|
Least allowed and practiced type of marriage.
|
Polyandry.
|
NA
|
|
|
"No group, no matter how large, qualifies as a society unless..."
|
it provides the resources to answer all of its members' basic needs.
|
NA
|
|
|
Five attributes social institutions have in common.
|
1. They respond to societal needs.
2. Are generally unplanned; they develop gradually. 3. Are inherently conservative; they change, but slowly. 4. A particular society's institutions are interdependent; change in one brings change in another. 5. The statuses, roles, values, and norms in one society likely bear little resemblance to those in another. |
NA
|
|
|
"Routine behavior is the way we do it, but institutionalized behavior is..."
|
the way it must be done.
|
NA
|
|
|
"Institutions survive only if..."
|
their rightness can be explained as both reasonable and natural.
|
NA
|
|
|
"Although institutions are conservative..."
|
change does occur. From technology, economy, or even wars.
|
NA
|
|
|
Atavists
|
Evolutionary throwbacks.
|
NA
|
|
|
Ectomorphs
|
A body type including tallness, thinness, and fragility (tall, thin, fragile).
|
NA
|
|
|
Endomorphs
|
A body type including shortness and fatness (short and fat).
|
NA
|
|
|
Mesomorphs
|
A body type including muscularity and athleticism (muscular and athletic). The one most likely to be a criminal according to old research.
|
NA
|
|
|
Egoism
|
Occurs when people are not well integrated into society.
|
NA
|
|
|
Anomie
|
A state wherein society fails to exercise adequate regulation of the goals and desires of individual members.
|
NA
|
|
|
Conformity
|
An adaptation to society in which a person continues to accept the goals and ideals of society and the methods for achieving them, whether or not it works for them or not.
|
NA
|
|
|
Innovation
|
An adaptation where a person accepts the goals and ideals of society but rejects the methods for achieving them.
|
NA
|
|
|
Ritualism
|
An adaptation where a person rejects the goals and ideals of society but continues to follow the methods of achieving them.
|
NA
|
|
|
Retreatists
|
An adaptation where a person rejects the ideals and goals of society and also the methods for achieving them.
|
NA
|
|
|
Rebellion
|
An adaptation where a person rejects the ideals and goals of society and the methods for achieving them AND substitutes news methods.
|
NA
|
|
|
q
|
q
|
|
|
|
w
|
w
|
we
|
|
|
Primary deviance
|
The initial crime.
|
|
|
|
Secondary deviance
|
Subsequent acts of deviance.
|
|
|
|
Stigma
|
Any attribute that discredits a person or disqualifies him or her from full social acceptance.
|
|
|
|
Cesare Lombroso
|
Argued the theory that criminals were "physical throwbacks."
|
|
|
|
William Sheldon
|
Argued that there were three body types (ectomorphs, endomorphs, and mesomorphs) and mesomorphs were most likely criminals.
|
|
|
|
Cloward and Ohlin
|
Argued that illegitimate methods to success are unequally distributed just like legitimate means.
|
|
|
|
Howard Becker
|
Studied marijuana use.
|
|
|
|
Erving Goffman
|
Argued that the stigma of negative social labels can ruin a person's identity.
|
|
|
|
Social stratification
|
The evaluation-ranking-reward system and its results (aka rich people get rewards, poor people get punished).
|
|
|
|
Strata
|
social layers
|
|
|
|
Caste system
|
One's rank is determined at birth (ascribed).
|
|
|
|
Transmigration
|
aka reincarnation. It is the idea that each person is born into a caste because of actions in a previous life.
|
|
|
|
Karma
|
A Sanskrit word for "work" or "fate."
|
|
|
|
Dharma
|
caste-based duties.
|
|
|
|
Estate system
|
Place in the hierarchy is determined at birth with little contact with the upper/lower levels.
|
|
|
|
Social Class system
|
In theory, best work to the top and weaker stay or move to the bottom.
|
|
|
|
Bourgeoisie
|
"shopkeeper" or the capitalist/owner stratum.
|
|
|
|
Proletariat
|
Roman term for the lowest class of people - used for workers by evil man.
|
|
|
|
Power
|
the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance.
|
|
|
|
Authority
|
power that is seen as justified aka legitimate power.
|
|
|
|
Status
|
the degree to which an individual has social honor.
|
|
|
|
Self-enslavement
|
selling oneself into slavery in order to overcome debt.
|
|
|
|
Socioeconomic standing
|
Measures of your status.
|
|
|
|
Chattel slavery
|
Slaves treated sa if they are property.
|
|
|
|
Open and closed stratification systems
|
you can have mobility or not in the ranks.
|
|
|
|
Social mobility
|
the ability to move about the system.
|
|
|
|
horizontal mobility
|
the ability to move from one job to another in your own stratum.
|
|
|
|
vertical mobility
|
the ability to move up and down through the strata.
|
|
|
|
Intergenerational mobility
|
the change of the stratifcation system iby different generations
|
|
|
|
intragenerational mobility
|
the movement of one person through the strata.
|
|
|
|
karl marx
|
a stupid butt face who caused thousands of deaths, tons of persecution, hate, crime, evilness, poverty, cruelty amond other things.
|
|
|
|
income
|
the amount of money a person/family receives in money etc.
|
|
|
|
wealth
|
the total value of assets owned by an individual or family minus the debt they have.q
|
|
|
|
matthew effect
|
rich get richer, poor get poorer.
|
|
|
|
cultural explanations
|
the norms and culture of the different clsases and then the fact tht the poor are out of whack with the rich.
|
|
|
|
Culture of poverty
|
a neverending cycle of being poor.
|
|
|
|
structural explanations
|
poor have limited access.
|
|
|
|
blaming the victim
|
it's bad.
|
|
|
|
tracking
|
schools follow a child's progress.
|
|
|
|
structural mobility
|
changes in the social structure of society.
|
|
|
|
prejudice
|
prejudgment
|
|
|
|
stereotypes
|
oversimplified generaliztaions
|
|
|
|
discrimination
|
prejudgments with ACTION
|
|
|
|
individual discrimination
|
one person discriminating
|
|
|
|
institutional discrimination
|
an instituion discriminating
|
|
|
|
ethnicity
|
cultural
|
|
|
|
race
|
skin related
|
|
|
|
arapesh
|
both men and women "maternal"
|
|
