Nasm Ces Ch 3 Pt 2

Front 1

Static malalignment & abnormal muscle activation patterns after LPHC compromise

Back 1

Dynamic stability of the lower extremity, resulting in dynamic Malalignment in the lower extremity.

Hint 1

DS & DM.

Front 2

What is another term for static malalignments?

Back 2

Altered length-tension relationships & altered joint Arthrokinematics.

Hint 2

LA

Front 3

What is another term for abnormal muscle activation patterns?

Back 3

Altered force-couple relationships.

Front 4

Multisegmental HMS impairment is a combination of what 4 things?

Back 4

Contralateral pelvic drop.

Femoral adduction & internal rotation.

Tibia external rotation.

Hyperpronation.

Hint 4

CP.

FAITH.

Front 5

An increase in knee valgus angle could increase ___.

This multisegmental dynamic malalignment has been shown to alter what?

Back 5

ACL loading by ~100%.

Force production, proprioception, coordination, & landing mechanics.

Hint 5

Perfect score.

FPCL

Front 6

Deficits in NM control of the LPHC may lead to uncontrolled

Back 6

Trunk displacement during functional movements.

Increased knee abduction motion & torque.

Increased patellofemoral contact pressure.

Knee ligament strain. ACL injury.

Hint 6

5

TiP KiKA. Away.

Front 7

There is a high incidence of LBP in ___.

Individuals who have LBP are significantly more likely to have ___.

Back 7

Sports.

Additional low-back injuries, predisposing them to future osteoarthritis & long-term disability.

Hint 7

APOL

Front 8

Optimal muscle performance of the low back is determined by

Back 8

Posture (length-tension) of the LPHC during functional activities.

Hint 8

Stand up straight.

Extracurricular.

Front 9

If the neutral lordotic curve of the lumbar spine is not maintained (low back arches, low back rounds, excessive lean forward),

Back 9

The activation & relative moment arm of the muscle fibers decreases.

Hint 9

ARM down.

Front 10

When do vertebral disc injuries occur?

Back 10

When the outer fibrous structure of the disk (annulus fibrosis) fails.

Hint 10

OFS.

AF

Front 11

When the outer fibrous structure of the disk fails, this allows for

Back 11

The internal contents of the disc (nucleus pulposus) to be extruded & irritate nerves exciting the intervertebral foraman.

Hint 11

Insides come out. NP.

You’re making me mad.

I’m so happy IF

Front 12

It is generally proposed that injury to the intervertebral disc is caused by

Back 12

A combination of motion with compressive loading.

Hint 12

Moving and CL.

Front 13

Increases in disc pressures & stresses are influenced by ___.

Disc pressure increases with ___ & decreases in ___.

Back 13

Kinematics of the lumbar spine.

Inc: Lumbar flexion.

Dec: lordosis (low-back rounding) during the performance of activities.

Hint 13

LS.

LF.

LBR.

Front 14

A combination of motions about the lumbar spine have been demonstrated to increase the

Back 14

Strain placed on the disks, including flexion with lateral bending.

Hint 14

Squinting your eyes to see.

FLB.

Front 15

This combination of motions about the lumbar spine may generate what?

Back 15

Axial torque, increasing the initiation of disc herniation.

Hint 15

AT.

Up DH.

Front 16

Pelvic asymmetry (iliac rotation asymmetry & SIJ asymmetry) has been shown to alter movement of what?

Back 16

The HMS in standing & sitting.

Static posture of the entire LPHC, altering normal arthrokinematics.

Hint 16

Chair/no chair.

Head up, shoulders back ANA.

Front 17

What is present in clients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction?

Back 17

Hip rotation asymmetry, which decreases hip internal rotation ROM.

Hint 17

Shakira RA down.

Front 18

Insufficiency of any of the musculature of the LPHC may induce what?

Back 18

Bio mechanical dysfunction & altered force-couple relationships.

Hint 18

BAF

Front 19

Subjects with LBP have been reported to demonstrate what?

Back 19

Abnormal muscle recruitment patterns.

Impaired posture control.

Delayed muscle relaxation.

Hint 19

AID

Front 20

What is notably diminished in patients with LBP?

Back 20

The transverse abdomonis & multifidus activation.

Hint 20

TAMA

Front 21

A delay in activation of the internal oblique, multifidus, & gluteus maximus was observed in patients on the symptomatic side of what?

Back 21

Sacroiliac joint pain.

Hint 21

Potato bag.

Front 22

The ligaments that surround the spine limits what type of motion?

What do they maintain?

Back 22

Intersegmental motion.

Maintaining the integrity of the lumbar spine.

Hint 22

Inside.

LS

Front 23

When may the ligaments that surround the lumbar spine fail?

Back 23

Proper motion cannot be created.

Excessive motion can’t be resisted by the surrounding musculature.

Proper posture can’t be maintained.

Hint 23

PEP.

MMP.

Front 24

What can decreasing the ability of local and global stabilizing muscles to produce adequate force do?

Back 24

Lead to a ligamentous injury.

Hint 24

Follow my ...

Front 25

Decreased core NM control may contribute to

Back 25

Increased valgus positioning of the lower extremity, which can lead to increased risk of knee injuries.

Hint 25

IV down & up miguel.

Front 26

Training of the trunk musculature may increase the control of what?

What may it prevent?

Back 26

Inc: Hip adduction & internal rotation during functional activities.

Dec: Dynamic malalignments & potential injuries arising from this impaired movement pattern.

Hint 26

Shakira AI.

DMP. Imp.

Front 27

Traumatic shoulder dislocations account for what percentage of additional shoulder pain?

Back 27

15-25% of shoulder pain.

Front 28

The persistent nature of shoulder pain maybe the result of what?

Back 28

Degenerative capsuloligamentous structures.

Articular cartilage.

Tendons.

Hint 28

DAT

Front 29

What do as many as 70% of individuals with shoulder dislocations experience?

Back 29

Recurrent instability within 2 years.

Being at risk of developing glenohumeral osteoarthritis.

Hint 29

RIB GO.

Front 30

Degenerative changes of the shoulder may also affect the

Back 30

Rotator cuff by weakening the tendons with time through intrinsic/extrinsic risk factors.

Hint 30

Take off your cufflinks.

TIE.

Front 31

What are examples of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors?

Back 31

Forward head/rounded shoulders.

Altered scapular kinematics & muscle activity.

Increased loads raised above shoulder height

Repetitive overhead use.

Hint 31

FAIR

Front 32

What has the posterior glenohumeral capsular contractor been demonstrated to alter?

Back 32

Normal glenohumeral kinematics, resulting in increased anterior/superior migration of the humeral head during shoulder flexion, significantly limiting shoulder internal rotation.

Hint 32

It is in the name K?

Front & above. Animals moving.

SLIR

Front 33

It is theorized that rounded shoulders (forward shoulder posture) alters the

Back 33

Normal length tension relationship & joint kinematic balance of the shoulder complex.

Hint 33

LJBC

Front 34

Any kinematic mechanism that reduces the subacromial space during humeral elevation will likely

Back 34

Predispose individuals to impingement of the rotator cuff.

Hint 34

At risk. IRC.

Front 35

What muscles are lengthened in rounded shoulder posture?

What muscles does it shorten?

Back 35

Rhomboids & lower trapezius.

Serratus anterior.

Hint 35

RL.

SA.

Front 36

The lengthening & shortening of muscles in the rounded shoulder posture alters

Back 36

Normal scapulothoracic force couple relationships.

Hint 36

SF

Front 37

Rounded shoulders is an altered posture and muscle recruitment pattern that will cause the scapula to do what?

Back 37

To remain forward-tipped & internally rotated relative to the elevating humerus.

Hint 37

FIH

Front 38

A forward-tipped & internally rotated scapula forces

Back 38

The humerus & acromion to approximate & narrow the subacromial space.

Hint 38

HANS.

Front 39

Maximal rotator cuff activation can be increased by what percent if the scapula is stabilized by the core musculature in the scapulothoracic stabilizers?

Back 39

23-24%.

Front 40

Why was the PARQ designed?

Back 40

To help determine if a person is ready to undertake low-to-moderate-to-high task levels.

Hint 40

3 levels.

Front 41

PARQ aids in identifying people who

Back 41

Certain activities may not be appropriate or need further medical attention.

Hint 41

CAF

Front 42

The PARQ is directed toward detecting any possible

Back 42

Cardiorespiratory dysfunction, such as coronary heart disease, & is a good beginning point for gathering personal background concerning cardio respiratory function.

Hint 42

CD. CHD.

Start getting checked.

Front 43

Occupational questions help the fitness professional with insight into

Back 43

What the clients movement capacity is.

What kinds of movement patterns are performed throughout the day.

Hint 43

What MC & MP.

Front 44

A rounded posture may lead to decreased activation of what?

This would also decrease what?

Back 44

Decrease rotator cuff activation.

Decrease stabilization, leading to compression of the humeral head in glenoid fossa.

Hint 44

RC.

SCH.

Front 45

There is a sequential muscle activation of force development pattern that is initiated from the ground to the core & through the extremities, where is this demonstrated?

Back 45

During kicking, running, a tennis serve, & throwing.

Hint 45

4

Front 46

What percentage of muscle activation is required to slow a forward moving arm while throwing?

Throwing comes from what stabilizers?

Back 46

~85%.

Core & scapulothoracic.

Hint 46

CS

Front 47

Occupational Questions (5)

Back 47

Occupation?

Required extended periods of repetitive movement?

Required extended periods of sitting?

Required shoes with a heel?

Occupation cause anxiety (mental stress)?

Hint 47

OREES.

CA.

Front 48

Mental stress or anxiety can lead to

Back 48

Dysfunctional breathing patterns, leading to postural distortion & kinetic chain dysfunction.

Hint 48

DBP.

DK

Front 49

Questions pertaining to an individual‘s lifestyle will reflect

Back 49

What an individual does in their free time (recreation/hobbies).

Hint 49

No cost.

Front 50

Lifestyle Questions (2)

Back 50

Do you partake in any recreational activities (golf, tennis, skiing)?

Do you have any hobbies (reading, gardening, working on cars)?

Hint 50

Do you... PRAH.

Front 51

Recreation, in the context of an assessment, refers to

Back 51

An individuals physical activities outside of the work environment.

Hint 51

PAW

Front 52

If an individual sits a large portion of the day then

Back 52

Their hips are flexed for prolonged periods of time.

Hint 52

Shakira pot.

Front 53

Sitting for a long period of time leads to

Back 53

Tight hip flexors, causing postural imbalances in the kinetic chain.

Hint 53

Shakira pik.

Front 54

Sitting for long periods of time at a computer causes

Back 54

Shoulders & cervical spine to fatigue under the constant influence of gravity, leading to rounded shoulders and forward head.

Hint 54

SCG. Tired . They’re a bad...

Front 55

Repetitive movements can create a

Back 55

Pattern overload to muscles & joints, which may lead to tissue trauma & eventually kinetic chain dysfunction.

Hint 55

MJ.

TTKD.

Front 56

Repetitive movements can be seen in jobs that require a lot of

Back 56

Overhead work (construction, painting).

Front 57

Working with the arms overhead for long periods of time may lead to

Back 57

Shoulder soreness, resulting from a tight latissimus dorsi & pectorals & a weak rotator cuff.

Hint 57

Workout left me...

LPW.

Front 58

The muscle imbalances from repetitive movements of overhead work does not allow for proper

Back 58

Shoulder motion or Shoulder stabilization during activity, leading to shoulder & neck pain.

Hint 58

SMS.

NS.

Front 59

Wearing shoes with a heel puts the ankle complex in what position for extended periods?

What does it lead to?

Back 59

Plantarflexion position.

Tightness in the gastrocnemius & soleus causing postural imbalance such as Overpronation.

Hint 59

Foot on the gas.

GSPO.

Front 60

What is overpronation at the foot & ankle complex?

Back 60

Flattening of the arch of the foot, leading to foot & ankle injury.

Hint 60

FAF hurt.

Front 61

By finding out what recreational activities an individual performs, a health & fitness professional can

Back 61

Better design a program to fit these needs.

Front 62

Why must proper program strategies be incorporated based off of a persons recreations?

Back 62

To ensure individuals are trained in a manner that optimizes the efficiency of the HMS, while addressing potential muscle imbalances that may be a result of their activity.

Hint 62

Be sure TOE PIR.

Front 63

Hobbies, in the context of an assessment, refers to

Back 63

Activities in individual may partake in regularly, but are not necessarily athletic in nature.

Hint 63

Not sporty. NAN

Front 64

What are some examples of hobbies?

Back 64

Gardening, working on cars, reading, watching television, playing video games.

Hint 64

5

Front 65

In many of these cases for hobbies, the individual must maintain a particular

Back 65

Posture for an extended period of time, leading to potential muscle imbalances.

Hint 65

Sit up straight. POP

Front 66

Medical history provides information about

Back 66

Chronic conditions.

Life-threatening chronic diseases (CHD, HBP, diabetes).

Imbalances.

Past injuries.

Structure in functions of the individual.

Hint 66

CLIPS.

Front 67

If an individual sits a large portion of the day then

Back 67

Their hips are flexed for prolonged periods of time.

Front 68

Inquiring about an individual‘s past injuries can illuminate what?

What is one of the best predictors of future injuries?

Back 68

Possible dysfunctions.

Past injuries.

Front 69

Medical History Questions (4)

Back 69

Have you ever had any pain or injuries (ankle, knee, hip, back, shoulder)?

Have you ever had any surgeries?

Has a medical doctor ever diagnosed you with a chronic disease (CHD, CAD, hypertension, HBP, high cholesterol, diabetes)?

Are you currently taking any medication?

Hint 69

Have you ever PIS.

Has a MD.

Are you...

Front 70

Ankle sprains have been shown to decrease what?

This, in Taryn, can lead to poor control of what?

Back 70

Neural control to the gluteus medias/maximus.

The lower extremities during functional activities, leading to injury.

Hint 70

GM.

LEF.

Front 71

Sitting for a long period of time leads to

Back 71

Tight hip flexors, causing postural imbalances in the kinetic chain.

Front 72

Sitting for long periods of time at a computer causes

Back 72

Shoulders & cervical spine to fatigue under the constant influence of gravity, leading to rounded shoulders and forward head.

Hint 72

SCG.

Front 73

Repetitive movements can create a

Back 73

Pattern overload to muscles & joints, which may lead to tissue trauma & eventually kinetic chain dysfunction.

Hint 73

MJ.

TTKD.

Front 74

Repetitive movements can be seen in jobs that require a lot of

Back 74

Overhead work (construction, painting).

Front 75

Working with the arms overhead for long periods of time may lead to

Back 75

Shoulder soreness, resulting from a tight latissimus dorsi & pectorals & a weak rotator cuff.

Front 76

The muscle imbalances from repetitive movements of overhead work does not allow for proper

Back 76

Shoulder motion or Shoulder stabilization during activity, leading to shoulder & neck pain.

Hint 76

MSP

Front 77

Wearing shoes with a heel puts the ankle complex in what position for extended periods?

What does it lead to?

Back 77

Plantarflexion position.

Tightness in the gastrocnemius & soleus causing postural imbalance such as Overpronation.

Hint 77

Foot on the gas.

GSPO.

Front 78

What is overpronation at the foot & ankle complex?

Back 78

Flattening of the arch of the foot, leading to foot & ankle injury.

Hint 78

FAF hurt.