Nasm Ces : Ch 3 Pt 1

Front 1

The HMS is a very complex, well orchestrated system of

Back 1

Interrelated and inter-dependent myofascial, neuromuscular, & articular components.

Hint 1

2 Ins

Front 2

Neuromuscular efficiency (CES)

Back 2

The ability of the NS to allow agonists, antagonist, synergist, & stabilizers to work synergistically to produce, reduce, & dynamically stabilize the HMS in all 3 planes of motion.

Hint 2

Need these 4 to move. PRS

Front 3

Optimal alignment and functioning of all components & segments of each component result in optimum

Back 3

Length-tension relationships, force-couple relationships, precise Arthrokinematics, & NM control.

Hint 3

4 things

Front 4

Optimum alignment & functioning of each component of the HMS depends on the

Back 4

Structural & functional integrity of each of its interdependent systems.

Hint 4

SFI

Front 5

Posture

Back 5

The interdependent & independent alignment (static posture) & function (transitional/dynamic posture) of all components of the HMS at any given moment, controlled by the CNS.

Hint 5

Opposite ins.

FC

Front 6

Efficiency & longevity of the HMS require what?

Back 6

Integration of all systems.

Hint 6

4th CEC

Front 7

Structural efficiency (CES)

Back 7

The alignment of each segment of the HMS, allowing posture to be balanced in relation to ones center of gravity.

Hint 7

Lines for yoga. PB COG

Front 8

Functional efficiency

Back 8

The ability of the NMS to recruit correct muscle synergies, at the right time, with the appropriate amount of force to perform functional tasks with the least amount of energy & stress on the HMS.

Hint 8

Join the military.Recital. Mental health.

Front 9

What does functional efficiency help to prevent?

Back 9

Overtraining & the development of movement impairment syndromes.

Hint 9

Too much.

Front 10

Because the HMS is an integrated system, impairment in one system leads to

Back 10

Compensations & adaptations in other systems.

Hint 10

CA

Front 11

If one component of the HMS is out of alignment (muscle tightness, muscle weakness, altered joint arthrokinematic‘s), it creates

Back 11

Predictable patterns of tissue overload and dysfunction, leading to decreased NM control & microtrauma. This initiates the cumulative injury cycle.

Hint 11

ToD. NM

Front 12

Cumulative injury cycle

Back 12

A cycle where an injury will induce tissue trauma, inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesion, altered NM control, & muscle imbalances.

Hint 12

TIM AAM

Front 13

What does the cumulative injury cycle cause?

Back 13

Decreased performance.

Injury.

Myofascial adhesions.

Hint 13

DIM

Front 14

Movement impairment syndromes

(predictable patterns of dysfunction)

Back 14

Refer to the state in which the structural integrity of the HMS is compromised because the components are out of alignment.

Hint 14

Texas. SIC

Front 15

Movement impairment syndromes place abnormal distorting forces on

Back 15

The structures in the HMS that are above/below the dysfunctional segment.

Hint 15

Transverse DS.

Front 16

If the gluteus medias is underactive, then what muscle may become synergistically dominant to produce the necessary force to accomplish frontal plane stability of the LPHC?

Back 16

The tensor fascia latae (TFL).

Hint 16

Yea.

Front 17

An overactive TFL can lead to tightness in what muscle?

What does this lead to?

Back 17

Iliotibial band (IT-Band).

Leads to patella femoral joint pain, IT-Band tendinitis, & LBP.

Hint 17

Rubber.

Pil.

Front 18

To avoid movement impairment syndromes & the chain reactions that 1 misaligned segment creates, the Health & fitness professional must emphasize what to maintain the structural integrity of the HMS during functional activities?

Back 18

Optimum static, transitional, & dynamic postural control.

Hint 18

STuD

Front 19

Optimal movement system balance & alignment helps to prevent & provide what?

Back 19

Prevent movement impairment syndromes.

Provides optimal shock absorption, weight acceptance, & transfer of forces during functional movements.

Hint 19

Ms Daisy.

SWT

Front 20

What may static malalignments altar?

What are 2 common static malalignment’s?

Back 20

Normal length-tension relationships.

Joint hypomobility & myofascial adhesions that lead to/can be caused by poor static posture.

Hint 20

Your hair is getting long.

JMP

Front 21

What is one of the most common causes of pain in an individual?

Once a joint has lost its normal arthrokinematics, what may the muscles around that joint do?

Back 21

Joint dysfunction (hypomobility).

Spasm & tighten in an attempt to minimize the stress at the involved segment.

Hint 21

Elbow problems.

ST-

Front 22

Certain muscles become tight (altered length-tension relationships) or overactive (altered force-couple relationships) to prevent

Back 22

Movement & further injury, initiating the cumulative injury cycle.

Hint 22

MF

Front 23

Joint dysfunction causes ⬇️

Back 23

Altered length-tension relationships. ⬇️

Altered force-couple relationships.⬇️

Altered movement patterns.⬇️

Structural & functional inefficiency.

Hint 23

AAA. SF.

Front 24

Static Malalignments are altered length-tension relationships resulting from

Back 24

Poor static posture, myofascial adhesions, & joint dysfunctions.

Hint 24

PMJ

Front 25

Altered reciprocal inhibition (CES)

Back 25

A tight muscle short, overactive, myofascial adhesions causes decreased neural drive, & optimal recruitment of its functional antagonist.

Hint 25

SOMA downOR.

Front 26

Altered reciprocal inhibition alters the normal

Back 26

Force-couple relationships that should be present at all segments throughout the HMS.

Hint 26

Make me.

Past, future.

Front 27

What can altered reciprocal inhibition lead to?

Back 27

Synergistic dominance.

Hint 27

Shut down.

Front 28

Synergistic dominance

Back 28

A synergist compensates for prime mover to maintain force production.

Hint 28

It’s in the name.

Agonist maker.

Front 29

Synergistic dominance example : A tight Psoas decreases the neural drive & therefore optimal recruitment of the

Back 29

Gluteus maximus.

Hint 29

Toot

Front 30

This altered recruitment of force production of the gluteus maximus (prime mover for hip extension) leads to compensation & Altered recruitment in force production of the gluteus maximus can potentially lead to what substitution by the

Back 30

Synergist : hamstrings.

Stabilizers : erector spinae.

Hint 30

Assist him.

Support Em.

Front 31

Altered recruitment & force production of the gluteus maximus can potentially lead to what?

Back 31

Hamstrings strains & LBP.

Hint 31

HL

Front 32

Synergistic dominance example : A client has a weak gluteus medias, then the synergists

Back 32

Synergists (CFL, adductor complex, quadratus lumborum) become synergistically dominant to compensate for the weakness.

Hint 32

CAQ

Front 33

Lower extremity movement impairment syndrome is characterized by

Back 33

Excessive foot pronation (flat feet).

Increased knee vulgus (tibia internally rotated, femur internally rotated, & adducted/knocked knees).

Increased movement at the LPHC (extension/flexion) during functional movements.

Hint 33

E KIL

Front 34

What are the 7 potentially tightened/overactive muscles of lower extremity movement impairment syndrome?

Back 34

Soleus. Lateral gastrocnemius.

Lateral hamstring complex.

IT-band.

Perennials. Psoas.

Adductor complex.

Hint 34

SLLIPPA

Front 35

What are the 11 potentially weekend/inhibited muscles of lower extremity impairment syndrome?

Back 35

Local stabilizers of LPHC.

Anterior tibialis.

Flexor digitorum longus.

Flexor hallucis longus.

Vastus medialis.

Posterior tibialis.

Pes anserine complex.

Gluteus medius.

Hint 35

LAFF V PPG

Front 36

What muscles are included in the Pes anserine complex?

Back 36

Sartorius.

Semitendinosis.

Gracilis.

Hint 36

SSG

Front 37

What are the 7 potential joint dysfunctions of lower extremity movement impairment syndrome?

Back 37

First metatarsalphalangeal.

Subtalar. Talocrural.

Proximal tibiofibular.

Sacroiliac. Lumbar facet.

Hint 37

FST PSL

Front 38

What are the 4 predictable patterns of injury that individuals with lower extremity movement impairment syndrome exhibit?

Back 38

LBP. Anterior knee pain.

Posterior tibialis tendonitis (shin splints).

Plantar fasciitis.

Hint 38

LAPP

Front 39

Upper extremity movement impairment syndrome is characterized by

Back 39

Rounded shoulders.

A forward head.

Improper glenohumeral kinematics.

Improper Scapulothoracic during functional movements.

Hint 39

RAGS.

Front 40

Upper extremity movement impairment syndrome is common in individuals who

Back 40

Sit for extended periods of time.

Develop pattern overload (throwing, continual bench pressing, swimming).

Front 41

What are the 11 potential he tightened/overactive muscles in upper extremity movement impairment syndrome?

Back 41

Pectoralis major. Upper trapezius.

Latissimus dorsi. Lavator scapulae.

Subscapularis. Sternocleidomastoid.

Teres major. Rectus capitis.

Anterior deltoid. Pectoralis minor.

Scalenes.

Hint 41

PULLS STRAPS

Front 42

8 potentially weakened/inhibited muscles of upper extremity movement impairment syndrome

Back 42

Serratus anterior. Teres minor.

Infraspinatus. Longus colli.

Longus capitis.

Posterior deltoid. Rhomboids.

Lower trapezius.

Hint 42

STILL PRL

Front 43

What are 4 potential joint dysfunctions of upper extremity movement impairments syndrome?

Back 43

Cervical facet.

Acromioclavicular.

Thoracic.

Sternoclavicular.

Hint 43

CATS

Front 44

What are the 5 predictable patterns of injury that individuals with upper extremity movement impairment syndrome typically exhibit?

Back 44

Biceps tendinitis.

Shoulder instability.

Thoracic outlet syndrome.

Headaches.

Rotator cuff impingement.

Hint 44

BS THoR

Front 45

What is the most commonly injured joint in sports & daily life?

Back 45

The ankle.

Front 46

What is vital for maintaining control at the ankle?

Back 46

Control at the hip.

Front 47

What proximal factors contribute to altered lower extremity alignment, & lead to increased foot pronation?

Back 47

Weakened LPHC muscles, in the frontal & transverse planes.

Hint 47

Shakira. 2 backup connecting flights.

Front 48

If the hip lacks dynamic stability in the frontal & transverse planes during functional weight-bearing activities,

Back 48

The femur may adduct & internally rotate.

The tibia may externally rotate.

The foot excessively pronates.

Hint 48

FFT. ape.

Front 49

Static malalignments, abnormal muscle activation patterns, & dynamic malalignment can alter neuromuscular control of the foot & ankle leading to

Back 49

Plantar fasciitis .

IT-Band tendinitis.

Increased risk of ACL tears.

Patellofemoral pain.

Hint 49

PIIP

Front 50

What are 3 common static malalignment of the foot & ankle?

Back 50

Decreased joint motion of 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) & talus.

Underactivity of the anterior/posterior tibialis.

Hyperpronation of the foot.

Hint 50

DUH

Front 51

What is vital for maintaining control at the ankle?

What is there a decrease of after an ankle sprain?

Back 51

Control at the hip.

Decreased ankle dorsiflexion.

Hint 51

CD

Front 52

Those with a history of lateral ankle sprains have

Back 52

Decrease posterior glide of the talus.

Decreasing dorsiflexion at the ankle.

Hint 52

DP. DD.

Front 53

Those with unilateral chronic ankle sprains have weaker

Back 53

Ipsilateral hip abduction strength & increased postural sway.

Hint 53

II away.

Front 54

What creates greater postural sway?

Back 54

Fatigue in the knee & hip musculature (sagittal & frontal planes).

Hint 54

Tired.

Look both ways & watch the road.

Front 55

What may produce deviations in subtalar joint motion during gait?

Back 55

Weakness/decreased postural stability in the stabilizing muscles of the LPHC (gluteus medius).

Hint 55

SWV song.

Stand up straight Shakira.

Front 56

What does foot placement depend on?

Back 56

Hip abduction & adduction moments generated during the swing phase of gait.

Hint 56

Shakira in and out.

MG.

Front 57

What occurs in response to medial foot placement errors secondary to overactivity of the hip abductors?

Proximal stability & strength deficits at the hip can lead to what?

Back 57

Subsequent subtalar joint inversion moments.

Ankle injuries.

Hint 57

Teacher replacement. JIM

Front 58

What does excessive pronation of the foot during weight-bearing cause?

What can it lead to?

Back 58

Altered alignment of the tibia, femur, & pelvic girdle.

Increased strain on soft tissues & compressive forces on joints that can become symptomatic.

Hint 58

Changing PaFT.

SC

Front 59

Bilateral hyperpronation of the feet directly affects what?

Bilateral hyperpronation of the feet induces what?

Back 59

The LPHC alignment.

An anterior pelvic tilt of the LPHC.

Hint 59

Shakiras line push forward & back.

Front 60

The addition of 2-3° of foot pronation lead to what percentage increase in pelvic alignment while standing?

When anterior pelvic tilt is correlated with increased lumbar curvature, what may also influence lumbar spine percentage increase in anterior pelvic tilt during walking?

Back 60

20 to 30% increase pelvic alignment (standing).

50 to 75% increase anterior pelvic (walking).

Hint 60

The same as the question + 0.

Charlotte +0 Emillee +5.

Front 61

AIn asymmetric change input alignments in the lateral ankle sprain make anterior pelvic tilt has been correlated with increased lumbar curvature, what else may influence the lumbar spine position?

Back 61

Change in foot alignment.

Hint 61

Line of toes.

Front 62

In asymmetric change in foot alignment (unilateral ankle sprain) may cause what?

Back 62

Asymmetric lower extremity, pelvic, and lumbar alignments (enhancing symptoms/dysfunction).

Hint 62

APL. more below.

Front 63

Knee injuries account for what percent of injuries in college & high school athletes?

Back 63

Greater than 50%.

Front 64

What are the 2 more common knee diagnoses resulting from physical activity?

Back 64

Patellofemoral pain (PFP).

ACL sprains/tears.

Front 65

What are the 2 more common knee diagnoses resulting from physical activity?

How do most any injuries occur?

Back 65

Patellofemoral pain (PFP).

ACL sprains/tears.

Noncontact deceleration in the frontal & transverse plane.

Front 66

What are the 2 more common knee diagnoses resulting from physical activity?

How do most any injuries occur?

Back 66

Patellofemoral pain (PFP).

ACL sprains/tears.

Noncontact deceleration in the frontal & transverse plane.

Hint 66

PAN.

Below and in front.

Front 67

What are 4 common static malalignments?

Back 67

Hyper pronation of the foot.

Increased Q angle.

Anterior pelvic tilt.

Decreased flexibility of the quad, hamstring complex, & IT-Band.

Front 68

What are 4 common static malalignments (Altered length-tension relationships & joints arthrokinematics)?

Back 68

Hyper pronation of the foot.

Increased Q angle.

Anterior pelvic tilt.

Decreased flexibility of the quad, hamstring complex, & IT-Band.

Hint 68

HIAD

hiq.

Front 69

Abnormal muscle activation patterns (altered force couple relationships) of the knee can lead to what?

Back 69

PFP, ACL injury, other knee injuries.

Hint 69

PAI

Front 70

Hip abductor weakness influence knee abduction during what stance?

Back 70

Phase of running.

Hint 70

100m

Front 71

Increased adductor activity & decreased dorsiflexion is seen in individuals demonstrating

Back 71

Increased dynamic knee Valgus.

Decreased NM control of core musculature.

Hint 71

ID.

DNC.

Front 72

Individuals with decreased hip external rotation strength had

Back 72

Increased vertical ground reaction forces during landing potential (predictor of PFP/ACL injury).

Hint 72

VG.

Airplane runway.

Front 73

Subjects with PFP demonstrate decreased

Back 73

Hip abduction strength.

Hint 73

Away.

Front 74

Dynamic malalignment may occur during movement as a result of

Back 74

Poor NM control & dynamic stability of trunk/lower extremities.

Hint 74

PD below.