Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

(Stromberg) as a kid while growing up, to which that it protected him and that played a key role in his life. Furthermore, Fallon’s “particular allele for a serotonin transporter protein” in the brain “can affect the development of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in complex ways: it can open up a region to be more significantly affected by environmental influences,” therefore having a positive or a negative childhood “is especially pivotal in determining behavioral outcomes” (Stromberg). I…

Ted Bundy once said, “I just liked to kill, I wanted to kill (“Top”).” This is due to the fact that psychopaths do not feel any remorse or guilt for killing. Psychopaths and sociopaths do not have the ability to feel emotion. Several scientific studies have been conducted that show how their brains work. Most psychopathic or sociopathic flaws are mental, but there can be environmental effects too (Brogaard). Trending movies (Ted) such as Scream and Nightmare on Elm Street also have an effect on…

the rounded rim of the cortex which also has the cingulate and the parahippocampalgyri. However, its supposed role in emotion was elaborated by the American physician, James Papez in 1937 in the influential paper titled ‘A proposed mechanism of emotion’. This anatomical model is called the Papez circuit.[2] In the year of 1948 scientist Yakovlev proposed Yakovlev's circuit in the command of emotions involving the anterior, insular, , temporal , orbitofrontal and lobe cortex, the dorsomedial…

individuals had very large amounts emotional reaction in their VMPFC (ventromedial prefrontal cortex). This would be due the more personal decision making since one would be in physical contact with the large individual and determining whether that person would live or not. However, when the participants were asked what they would do in the situation of the switch, there was a larger cognitive report in their DLPFC (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Here, there is less personal contact since…

Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2010) Stated that Psychopathology is the study of mental disorders or psychological disorders that impairs the functioning of individuals. Psychopathology looks at the genetics and/or environmental influences of mental and psychological disorder (2010). Psychopathology aids in the treatment of mental disorders. The study and treatment of abnormal behavior has long been a major activity in the field of psychology. Psychopathology is not only the study of mental and…

Persistent avoidance of stimuli avoids any activities,places, or physical reminders that cause memoires of the trauma event. (,American Psychiatric Association, 273) The effect of the trauma on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex deals with the region of the brain responsible for regulating emotional responses triggered by the amygdala. It regulates fear when contacted with specific stimuli. (Wasloff,5) This explains why most victims of this disorder tend to display…

Koenigs and Tranel (2007) used the ultimatum game (UG) to study the responses of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC) damage. Since VMPC have been previously been shown to affect emotion regulation, Koenigs and Tranel hypothesized that patients with VMPC damage would be likely to “irrationally” reject an unfair offer in the UG because they lack the emotional regulation necessary to “rationally” accept. To test their hypothesis, Koenigs and Tranel recruited VMPC patients (n=7),…

Molecular control of adult neurogenesis in the human subependymal zone Adult neurogenesis The generation of new functional neurons from multipotent neural stem cells, termed neurogenesis, has been shown to persist in many mammalian species in two regions of the adult brain: the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subependymal zone [SEZ, also subventricular zone] adjacent to the lateral ventricles [1, 2]. Lower levels of neurogenesis have been reported in other regions of…

Extinction is the model used for the inhibition of fear within a laboratory environment. It involves training organisms to fear a conditioned stimulus in a manner described above (Myers, Ressler, & Davis, 2006). While it was previously debated upon it is widely accepted that extinction is a new form of learning and thus the creation of new memories (Burgos-Robles, Vidal-Gonzalez, Santini, & Quirk, 2007). While the two memories of fear and extinction would compete with each other (Royer, & Paré,…

Introduction The trolley dilemma (Foot, 1967; Thomson, 1986) garnered overwhelming interest from philosophers and psychologist in a quest to decipher the ideation behind moral judgments. In this dilemma, a runaway trolley is heading towards five workers who will be killed if the trolley continues to move forward. In order to save the five workers, a switch can be flipped to divert the trolley onto another route which would kill one worker instead of the five. Most people chose the utilitarian…