United Nations Convention Against Torture

The United Nations defined the term genocide in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, which was released in 1948. The statement said that: Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring…

2. TERRITORIAL WATERS Article 2(1) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)48 provides that, “[t]he sovereignty of a coastal State ex-tends, beyond its land territorial and internal waters and, in the case of an archipelagic State, its archipelagic waters, to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea”. This maritime zone extends up to 12 nautical miles (Article 3, UNCLOS). The only major exception to this sovereign power of the state is the right of…

B. THE CASE OF MV TAMPA The MV Tampa was a Norwegian merchant ship which was prevented by the Australian Government from entering into its territory. The Tampa rescued about 433 people in August 2001; many of them were of Afghan origin. These persons had been trying to reach Australia in a wooden fishing boat but the boat started sinking about 140 kilometers off the coast of Christmas Island. Some of the people aboard the ship required urgent medical attention so the Tampa decided to proceed to…

The United Nations (UN) is defined as an intergovernmental organization commissioned to encourage international cooperation and to generate and continue international order. Individuals from within the UN member States can bring complaints of human right breaches to the relevant UN Treaty Body. A Human Rights Treaty is an international agreement, which instils irrevocable obligations to protect and promote rights and freedoms on States that officially accept it, commonly through “ratification”…

the legislation of the state and international conventions.” American Convention on Human rights, Art. 22(7); African Charter on Human and people rights, Art. 12 (3), Art. (1) Of the 1951 Geneva Convention. The 1951 Geneva convention’s 50th anniversary, relating to the status of refugee have pave the way to share some few…

the need for compensation for the violation of the rights, and the guarantee against ethnocide and genocide. The document…

Every year, between 600,000 and 800,000 people, eighty percent being women and children, are victims of human trafficking. The United Nations defines human trafficking as ”the recruitment, transport and receipt of people across borders by improper means for an improper purpose, such as forced labor or sexual exploitation." Human trafficking generates about 32 billion dollars each year and is the third largest source of illegal trade, behind guns and narcotics. Human trafficking has a traumatic…

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) as many as 34% of the world’s children have had their development stunted due to a lack of clean water or proper nutrition.1 Due to these factors we see many negative effects upon both their immediate and long-term health. It has been shown through many studies that under-nourished or otherwise unhealthy children are at risk of cognitive development deficits. In what is becoming a constantly more globalized world, that is increasingly propelled…

a lack of universal primary education contributes to a lot of the world problems. There are many nations that have worked toward the millennium development goal of achieving universal primary education by 2015. Ethiopia is an example of a nation that is set to achieve universal primary education at the deadline, though there is still many obstacles they must overcome to achieve this. Many other nations still have a majority of their youth…

which individuals and nations interests begin to become similar through globalization (Mahbubani, 81-88). Mahbubani goes through explaining a one world system but still leaves ambiguity. He doesn’t define this one world as either a one world government or a union of the nations similar to the European Union model. With this one world theory framework, it puts the sovereignty of nations at risk. Mahbubani asserts that we need to converge into a one world system, but not all nations have the same…