Levant

This chapter explores how other jihadist groups, notably ISIL, are likely to impact the standing and operations of AQ. It seeks to determine the likely impacts on AQ caused by specific actions by these other groups such as their recruitment and support. In doing so, emphasis is placed on two main aspects. These are the effects of other jihadist groups on the recruitment of AQ and the extent to which, if at all, competition between AQ and these other jihadist groups can push AQ into carrying a…

The current force requires a rebalance as the globe becomes more volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA). To secure the Nations interest during a period of increasing complexity, uncertainty and fiscal constraint, Joint Force 2025 capabilities defend the homeland from rapidly changing security challenges and rebalance the force with agility, integration, flexibility and innovation. Strategic guidance provided by the 2014 QDR, 2015 NMS and CCJO highlight current and future security…

Operation Desert Fox occurred in Iraq from 16th – 19th of December 1998. Operation Desert Fox was a four day military bombing campaign organised by the United States of America and the United Kingdom. The United States and the United Kingdom justified the strikes as Iraq had not complied with the UNSC’s resolutions and kept interfering with the UNSC’s weapons inspectors. Another main reason the bombing occurred was to punish Saddam Hussein's regime with military force in the hope of removing…

Islamophobia― one word that caused a catastrophic effect in the Muslim community. Islamophobia is derived from Etienne Dinet, a French painter who was interested in Islam and the Arabic culture; but it was soon used as a term of hatred and discrimination against Muslims. There are four major types of Islamophobia which are pre-reflective personal Islamophobia, post-reflective personal Islamophobia, institutional Islamophobia, and political Islamophobia. Pre-reflective personal Islamophobia is…

States…often U.S. Citizens or legal residents [who] can do enormous damage, particularly when they are inspired by larger notions of jihad” (Obama 2013). Internet propaganda from terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) are targeting American citizens in an attempt to radicalize them to carry out jihad in the United States.…

Orientalism is a term which indicates how the West perceives the East as the ‘other’. Edward Said published his controversial book Orientalism in 1978, which talks about how Orientalism forms an inferior Orient, in terms of knowledge and domination. Edward Said opens his introduction by mentioning the Western’s misconception about the East arguing that “The Orient was almost a European invention” (Said 1). The Orient played a significant role in the creation of the European culture and it…

Walt states that revolutions exhibit a number of common features. First, a states administrative and coercive capacity must be in a weakened by a combination of internal and external challenges for revolutions to be possible. Key international and intra-national events created permissive conditions favorable for jihadism to develop and flourish. Several key decisive events illustrate this first point. The end of the Ottoman Empire and enactment of the Sykes-Picot agreement broke the empire into…

Introduction Today, the United States and other Western allies are attempting to combat terrorism across the world, especially in Africa, and around the Middle East. First, there is a need to define terrorism. Terrorism can be defined as being, “the repeated use of politically motivated violence with coercive intent, by non-state actors” (Badey). With that definition in place many government officials are attempting to eradicate terrorist organizations through military force, intelligence and…

The contemporary, hostile political climate towards ‘Others’ in Australian politics is underpinned by a history of systematic and institutional racism. This hostility towards non-Anglo ethnicities, in particular Muslims, Arabs and Asians – whether immigrants, emigrants, asylum seekers, or refugees –remains xenophobic, and finds its expression in State Islamophobia and sensationalised fears of minority out-groups (ENDNOTE). An examination of Australian public policies from 1901 to present date…

Political Pharaohs had full control over the Egyptian state and were regarded as gods come to earth to ensure the wellbeing of citizens. One of the earliest Pharaohs, Menes, is accredited as the founder of the first dynasty and uniting Upper and Lower Egypt. He is widely believed to actually most likely be the pharoah Narmer. The land of Egypt was divided into 42 Nomes, each ruled by a Noble governor whom was appointed directly by the pharaoh. The law and justice system of Egypt was based on a…