Henry IV of France

A common theme in most of the works that we have read is how far courage can press a man to maintain his honor and pride, and how quickly fear can destroy it. In war, a soldier is defined by his own pride. A soldier has nothing if he does not honor of himself and his country. The only way to create this sense of pride is through fighting bravely in the war. Courage is what drives a man to go into war for his country. However, once fear enters a soldier’s thoughts, his pride is destroyed.…

would be of noble birth, preferably a princess or a high ranking noblewomen from another European kingdom which would bring foreign alliances to England. This potential match would also need to be a virgin. Historian J.L Laynesmith wrote, “He [Edward IV] had apparently rejected all the prospective endorsements of his kingship that a wife could bring.” To the surprise and the dismay of Edward’s advisors, he married an older, widowed mother of two from a low ranking family within his own country.…

Portrait of Queen Elizabeth 1 A1: Queen Elizabeth 1 stands proud on the globe like she has conquered the world. On the background there is sunshine on her right hand, but darkness and lightning on her left. Each side has what appears to be descriptive words for each side, however, I am unable to make out or understand the meaning. I see this as an indication that there are two sides to her personality, a bright side and a dark side. Her dress is fully adorned with what appears to be pearl,…

For example, this conflict between church and state ended when “a compromise was arranged through Henry IV, king of France. The laws remained in force, but the clergymen were released from prison” (“Paul V”). Although both sides were able to resolve their differences without war, Venice had clearly gained more than it had lost. The laws that restricted the Church’s…

The French Revolution lasted around ten years in between 1789 and 1799. This revolution was a major turning point in history and has lasting effects to this day. There were four phases of the revolution: the moderate phase, the radical phase, the directory, and Napoleon. The events that led to the first phase remain in discussion among historians. However, many infer that the revolution can be traced back to Martin Luther. The religious conflicts of the Protestant Reformation led to absolutism…

conflict in France. Examination of both periods reveals the driving force in each period of threat and conflict and the instinct of peoples, as Thiesse observes, to become more radical in beliefs and actions; creating albeit quite different outcomes in the two periods in terms of engendering a common sense of French nationhood and identity. In looking at these two periods we shall focus of the three key determinants of national…

Religion is often an important part of one’s daily life. Consequently, it can also play an important role in government, as shown by the examples of the Islamic world and Medieval Europe. Islam is an Abrahamic religion that was founded by the prophet Muhammad. It originated in Mecca, on the Arabian Peninsula, and quickly spread across North Africa and into Spain. Their society was tribal and strongly valued loyalty, much like the Germanic Barbarian tribes of Western Europe. After Islam began to…

as the peasants accounted for a significant majority of the population. In 1534, matters improved greatly for the Kings, when King Henry VIII of England created the Church of England. This was revolutionary, as it was the first time in the Renaissance Era that a major monarch in Europe had converted from Catholicism and escaped the influence of the Church. King Henry VIII’s creation of the Church of England was declared in the Act of Supremacy. The Act of Supremacy states, “Be it enacted by…

between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV (who was merely a youth). Henry, with the support of bishops appointed ecclesiastic positions in his realm, in order to gain maximum control of his realm. Pope Gregory VII (adversely) claimed he had a mission to purify the church and in order to do so, he needed to have total control over ecclesiastical appointments (to put an end to royal control under Henry IV, etc). This conflict lasts beyond the death of both Gregory and Henry. Eventually, the papacy…

The rulers eagerly utilized these ideas. During the Renaissance Era, the “new monarchs” in England, France, and Spain attained control by developing taxing systems, manipulating government councils, and increasing their influence over the church; tactics which were modeled after Machiavelli’s “fox-like” and “lion-like” concepts of an ideal ruler. The…