Finite set

are directed to their end; and this being we call God. [9] As Aquinas’s clearly suggest in his fifth way argument, it is God who is the intelligent designer and allows the motion of celestial bodies to achieve an end. Not everyone agreed with Aquinas’s design argument. David Hume’s vividly objected Aquinas argument in his “Dialogues concerning Natural Religion”. Hume’s stated, “the point is made that postulating a designer of the universe raises the question of explaining how “a plan of the…

4. Genetic drift is an intriguing concept in genetics that focuses on explaining the random variation in changes of allele frequencies from one generation to the next in populations. The variation comes from sampling error because in many genetic models populations are assumed to be infinitely large, which is seldom the case. A simple mathematical approach to modelling genetic drift is the Wright-Fisher model. In this essay the general principles of the Wright-Fisher model will be explained, and…

This poses a problem for life, since organisms rely on these energy conversions and transfers to subsist in an environment with finite energy resources. Inefficiency is insignificant for small, single-celled organisms since they use a minuscule amount of energy resources, but as life forms have begun to evolve into large, heterotrophic, and complex organisms, their levels of energy…

11). The transfer function of the signal filter, L_0, is: while the feedback filter L_1 can be derived as: where a_i and b_i>0. The NTF results: Note that the NTF zeros must lie at 푧=1 (i.e. DC). The weight factors a_i can be used to introduce finite non-zero poles into the NTF and to determine the zeros of L_1 (z). The a_i factors can be found…

measurement. If there is relationship between set A and set B, and a ∈ A and b ∈ B, we can construct a binary relation aRb. For example, suppose A is a set of squares and B is a set of rectangles. The binary relation aPb holds if and only if you judge the perimeter of a is smaller than b. We can assign a value of perimeter, f(a), to each a ∈ A and b ∈ B. Then, we can get a formula, aPb ⇔ f(a) < f(b). The relationship could also be defined as preference. If A is a set of alternatives and…

some diagonal number (constructed using the table used in lecture to prove that the reals are uncountably infinite) but if M has a name for T and M is closed, it must name this diagonal number too. This, similar to the Berry paradox, demonstrates a finite scheme cannot “capture the essence of how one connects the real and the ideal.” The last paradox is one most of us are familiar with. It is sentences that seem to contradict themselves, such as “This sentence is false.” The remainder of the…

1. The defense of Socrates actions of corrupting the youth was that he was following the laws of their god and trying to figure out what their piety means. Since the gods declared him the wisest man, thus his actions of embracing what he does not know and only searching for the truth .Therefore, his actions reflect upon the words of the gods and so actions cannot be impious. Socrates defense for his actions were indeed inadequate because he used logic as the basis of his defense and rejected…

or community. The natural resources include water, air, animals, plants. These materials are not owned privately, they are held in common. Hardin’s main assumption about the commons can be separated in three categories; the world is biophysically finite, over-population can be considered as an example of the tragedy of the commons, and the system commons for breeding must be abandoned. The tragedy of the commons continues to be so popular because it has “…. become part of the conventional wisdom…

which all the desired things in life such as land, wealth, health, friendship and love, manliness and honor, respect and status, power and influence, security and safety, exist in finite quantity and are always in short supply, as far as the peasant is concerned. Not only do these and all other ‘good things exist in finite and limited quantities, but in addition there is no way directly within peasant power to increase the available quantities. (Foster) This concept becomes evident in the…

and observable emotion associated with individuals, as well as the human race as a whole. In other words, our behavior is influenced by our emotions towards the things around us and our own self-interest. The root of our self-interest stems from the set of value society places on possessions. With that said, humans cannot be trusted to be productive in society due to out innate behavior and greed John Locke, an optimist during the Glorious Revolution, anonymously published the Second Treatise of…