England and Wales

The story of Magna Carta begins around the year 1200 in medieval England. During this period, the foundation of the society was organized under the feudal system. At the bottom tier, were the poor peasants that farmed lands day in and day out. These farmed lands remained rented from the wealthy Barons, who had acquired a higher status of living only because they had done a favor for the King who had given them these lands as symbol of reward. The King who existed at the top most pinnacle of the…

In 1609, the king of England offered land to the Scottish settlers. But only if they would move to farmland owned by the irish. He did not ask the Irish about this, he just let the Scottish do what they wanted and the Irish were not happy about this. Most people in Ireland were Catholic, and some were Protestant. The Protestant were English. Also in the time all the English settlers had made up new laws. These laws stated that the Irish could not own land. They could not be elected into office…

Sir Thomas More is considered one of the most significant English intellectuals of the early 16th century. He was an exceptional example of what education could obtain in England. Thomas More was an English lawyer, writer, scholar, leader in Utopian Literature, Member of Parliament, Chancellor and Catholic martyr. More was born into the family of a well-renounced lawyer on February 7, 1478. More’s family, although not that of a noble family, that had a long tradition of civic service to London…

'TTYL STACY! C U @ SKOOL 2MORO', you hit the send button on your phone as you turn it off and fall asleep in your bed. Now a days a simple abbreviation would be sent to suggest one's words, or the common emoji icons would display the emotions we tend to feel towards a subject by text or on social media. Just as technology has changed over time, so has our English language and the way we use it has as well. Just as old English transferred into middle English and thus ended in modern English, so…

In addition, to government control Louis XIV wanted religious control. He felt that the French Huguenots and the Protestants did not belong in France due to the fact that France was predominately Catholic (447). He abolished the Edict of Nanes, which allowed Huguenots and Protestants rights in France. In 1685, he published the Edict of Fontainebleau, which destroyed freedom of religion (447). Although, he was able to placed France in a powerful position, to the common people it meant nothing…

The Mayflower Compact is a document composed of 41 signatures of English colonist also known as Puritans. The document was signed in November of 1620 on the Cape Cod, by 41 men that the pilgrim’s leaders persuaded. William Bradford was a pilgrim leader and was informed that some of the others did not feel obligated to follow the rules, in his words, “use their owne libertie”, thus leading to the formation of the compact. This was the first agreement that was created by the colonist to keep…

as basic rights today. This issue was crucial for Swift because he was a protestant born to an English family. This is what inspired his writings to address the many social, political, and economic issues of England. Jonathan Swift’s works influenced society by indicating the faults of England which made the public realize how faulty their government was, understand how they are seen by people outside of their society, and see the need for social improvement by forcing the public to come to…

Turnbull argues that while Canals did not necessarily alter the market structure for coal, they did materially affect other aspects of the coal industry. Additionally, the development of canals and other infrastructure systems leading up to the industrial revolution serve as an important lesson on the importance of infrastructure development on the economy in Britain. Canals had a significant impact on the structure and efficiency of the British economy. First, canals affected the structure of…

The adjective and noun “retarded” evokes diverse feelings in today’s society, many of them negative. However, this was not always the case. The word’s original meaning, from the early 17th century, was “held back or in check; hindered, impeded; delayed, deferred,” which was used to describe objects as opposed to people (Simpson, Weiner). It was not until almost the 20th century when “retarded” was used to describe an individual. Therefore, the meaning of retarded has changed meaning from a…

My earlier inquiries ported between Biblical Spirituality, Celtic Spirituality, and City Spirituality. An M. Div. mini-thesis investigated the spirituality of the insular Celts (du Toit, 2007). This study focussed on two Celtic liminality sniglets. For the island Celts, thin designated liminality. Thin Spaces (for instance, beaches and mountaintops) and Thin Times (such as dawn and dusk) thinned the veil between the natural and supernatural. Liminality, as an abstract zeitgeber, makes life and…