Ceremonial deism

Adam Michnik, a Polish historian believed that “After the French Revolution, it was not the treason of the king that was in question; it was the existence of the king. You have to be very careful when you judge and execute somebody for being a symbol.” When the colonists declared war on Britain in 1776, they promoted “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness (Declaration of Independence par. 2).” When the citizens of France and the Third Estate became weary of the tyranny and despotism of…

Jean Baudrillard: Postmodernism 1] Historical Context Postmodern theory emerged at the end of the enlightenment period in Europe. The roots of postmodern theory are within the switch from traditional societies where magic and religion were the main sources of explanation for social phenomena to a new meta-narrative which was, science and ration thought. Meta-narratives are beliefs that offer people hope and guidance they are the “big story” and it represents an explanation for everything. A key…

Oftentimes, humans place religion on a pedestal and view religious beings in a positive light. However, the Age of Enlightenment challenged these customs instead of blindly following them. Similarly, in his satirical novella Candide, Voltaire imbeds his belief that religion is superstitious as he constructs specific characters who mock the superficiality and hypocrisy of it. As he highlights the varying philosophies and beliefs of these characters, he advances the plot and shames the world’s…

Throughout human history, different era’s have developed among societies, progressing mankind towards what it currently is today. Characterized by their many different newfound ideologies, these era’s show growth in the ability to think, act, and feel both as an individual, and also as a society. Topics such as religion, government, the economy, and philosophy were all stated, contested, and then evolved repeatedly, defining what people were like all throughout the different time periods. Two…

An evolving cultural dialogue between political, philosophical, literary and social spheres greatly characterises the Utopian genre. Literary utopias negotiate the condition of modernity and ponder its implications for the future of mankind. For that reason alone, Utopia’s contemporaneity renders it a genre capable of adapting to the demands of time. Influential texts in the utopian dialectic are unique negotiations between Utopia, reality and the desires of the author. This is evidenced in…

Recognizing God’s existence has never been an easy task. From century to century, people continue to search for ways to find proof God does exist. In consulting with Foreman’s (2016) presentation, “Approaching the Question of God’s Existence” the use of proof to illustrate that God does exist is not a virtuous practice and the word “proof” should be avoided when wanting to claim God is real. He makes an effective point that there are some things in the world that have no complete explanation for…

H. J. McCloskey wrote the article “ On Being an Atheist”. This very interesting article gave his personal opinion on why he did not believe in God. In his article he gives his opinions of the cosmological, and teleological arguments. The main argument he makes in his article is about the evil and hardship in the world which is suppose to be created by a caring and loving God. Though H.j Mcloskey wanted to have proof and contrary to his opinions of the cosmological and theological arguments…

Thomas Paine A Loyal Disciple Of Socrates “I believe in the equality of man; and I believe that religious duties consist in doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavoring to make our fellow-creatures happy.”(Paine, 1776-1809) Thomas Paine had many similar beliefs as Socrates. His opinion on the government is almost identical. Paine believed that the government is a necessary evil and that should not be ran by a tyrant such as a greedy king or a royal family that stay in power for years to come.…

Introduction In the 18th century, a change of thinking occurred in all arts from philosophy to literature to art. This resulted in a new movement called Enlightenment where “enlighten” refers to “the idea of shedding light on something, illuminating it, making it clear”. Indeed, the purpose of thinkers of this movement was to spread the light of science and reason in a world that was too much linked to traditions. This new way of thinking began to chance every aspect of people’s lives and in…

The era of enlightenment (1650-1800), is described as a time when citizens took a universal and scientific approach to history. In other words, it was an epoch during which history was discovered as an important discipline for humanity. During the nineteenth century, a Franco-German war led to the establishment of a new German Empire. When the empire became industrious, historical creation stories became significant for residents in generating a public image of the German state (Wilkerson). As a…