Anemia of chronic disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disorders (Bhanushali et al., 2014) characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, acute vaso-occulusive crises (Platt, 2008), and the acute chest syndrome (ACS) (Lettre et al., 2008). A point mutation in the β-globin gene, the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6 of the β-globin gene (Glu6Val), is the major cause of sickle cell anemia (Platt, 2008; Mtatiro et al., 2015). The mutated β-globin gene (Glu6Val) leads to the formation of sickle…

Crohn’s Disease Derell L Latin Jr Brookhaven College Regional enteritis, but most commonly known as Crohn’s Disease is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the intestines causing swelling and irritation. Most commonly it affects the small intestines and beginning of the large intestine, but can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. Crohn’s can affect men and women of all ages, but is likely to affect people between…

As reported in 2015, the United States statistics reported that approximately 14% of the American population has chronic kidney disease, 661,000 have kidney failure, 468,000 individuals are on dialysis, and approximately 193,000 live with a functioning kidney transplant. (NIDDK, 2016) Kidney disease is an ever rising epidemic and this author has an interest in pursuing a future career as a Nephrology Nurse Practitioner. In 2004, CMS created changes to the nephrology billing “bundling” allowing…

macrophages of the lamina propria of the stomach and duodenum. The clinical significance and long term sequelae have not been clarified. However, this benign condition is associated with a variety of clinical conditions, such as essential hypertension, chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus, long term intake of iron supplements and furosemide. Pseudomelanosis duodeni appears to be more common than pseudo melanosis gastri given the fact that a few cases of psuedomelanosis gastri have been…

many incurable diseases in the past become curable nowadays. However, have you ever imagined that we can get rid of genetic disorders one day? This is no longer a pipe dream. CRISPR/Cas9 is bringing us light. • Genetic disorders are not only limited to those rare ones e.g. Down Syndrome—a genetic disorder associated with characteristic facial features, physical growth delays, and mental retardation. According to Melissa Conrad Stöppler, a U.S. anatomic pathologist, common chronic illnesses such…

stronger;it promotes traits that help us survive, even if they may become a problem in the future. In his book, Dr. Moalem establishes that the relationship between humans and diseases is not always negative, and the diseases that may be taking lives in the present, may have saved lives in the past. Understanding the nature of diseases and how they may have been beneficial to humanity can provide future research potential, such as developing ways to limit bacterial access to iron in order to…

of inflammatory bowel disease similar to ulcerative colitis or microscopic colitis, and usually symptoms begin gradually and worsen over time. The exact cause of this disease is still unknown, but scientists believe that it may be caused in part by autoimmune reactions, the environment, or genetic predisposition. Common symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain or cramping, weight loss, nausea, lack of appetite, fever, and anemia. Complications that result from the disease include bowel…

allow the patient to withstand more chemotherapy. This treatment can cause cataracts, aseptic necrosis (bone damage, where the bones dies from little blood supply), damage to the thyroid gland, even (if it is an allogeneic transplant) chronic graft-versus-host disease. Both have been proven to be effective against AML. But what can be done to prevent this from happening? Well, there really is no prevention techniques that have been proven. AML affects many areas of the body, through the…

Historical use- study of historical cases within a population to determine patterns of mortality and morbidity. [Diseases shape history; speculation of the plague leading to the fall of the Roman Empire] (http://duncansepidemiology.tripod.com/id8.html) o Community health use- study and diagnosis of health within certain communities to identify problem areas that need special treatment. [Chronic pain was found in different levels within a community based on factors such as age, sex, and…

This patient’s history of alcohol abuse directly relates to the development of this patient’s end stage liver complications. The patient’s alcoholic cirrhosis denotes that the patient has developed this irreversible disease over the span of years that have gone undetected and untreated, that begun with alcoholic hepatitis and progressed all the way to alcoholic cirrhosis, due to the overconsumption of alcohol and his socioeconomic status (homeless). Alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by…