Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
SIGMUND FREUD |
PSYCHOANALYTIC |
|
|
Freud saw mental functioning as operating on three levels |
unconscious, preconscious, and conscious. |
|
|
The _______includes drives and instincts that are beyond awareness but that motivate most human behaviors. |
UNCONSCIOUS |
|
|
The _____ contains images that are not in awareness but that can become conscious either quite easily or with some level of difficulty. |
PRECONSCIOUS |
|
|
______ plays a relatively minor role in Freudian theory. |
CONSCIOUS |
|
|
THE ALL POWERFUL UNCONSCIOUS |
Ego, conscious, precocious, superego, unconscious, id |
|
|
Freud describes the personality in terms of three constructs: |
the id, the ego, and the superego (the structural model) |
|
|
He emphasizes that the id, ego, and superego are not separate compartments within the mind. They blend together, like sections of a telescope or colors in a painting. |
Freud |
|
|
○Raw, unorganized, inborn part of personality Primitive desires of hunger, sex, and aggression Works with Pleasure Principle Satisfaction is the ultimate goal Its only resource is to form mental images of what it wants, a process called wish-fulfillment |
ID (“it”) |
|
|
Due to constant battle between an id demanding instant gratification and a superego demanding constant restraint Compromise Rational and reasonable Reality Principle: Instinctual energy (ID) isrestrained in order to maintain the safety of the individual and keep him/her within societies norms |
EGO (“me”) |
|
|
Right and wrong Develops at age 5 or 6 Learned from others Moral Ideals and Conscience ▪ Guides us toward socially acceptable behavior through the use of guilt and anxiety |
SUPEREGO (“over-me”) |
|
|
Stages of Psychosexual Development |
Oral: Birth to 12-18 months Anal: 12-18 M to 3 years Phallic: 3 to 5-6 years Latency: 5-6 years to adolescence Gentital: adolescence to adulthood |
|
|
FIXATIONS IN THE ORAL STAGE |
◎ ORAL AGGRESSIVE ◉ Shouting, nagger, sarcastic, argumentative ◎ ORAL RECEPTIVE ◉ Overeating, gullible, smoking |
|
|
FIXATION IN THE ANAL STAGE |
◎ ANAL-RETENTIVE ◉ Obsessive in cleanliness, stingy ◎ ANAL REPULSIVE ◉ Messy, lack of commitment |
|
|
PHALLIC STAGE |
◎ At this time, boys experience the Oedipus complex while girls experience the Electra complex in which they have sexual feelings for one pare |
|
|
The Oedipus complex |
• Occurs in Phallic stage of psychosexual development • Feelings of desire for opposite sex parents • Competition with same sex parent |
|
|
"Out of your vulnerabilities will come your strength |
Sigmund Freud |
|
|
CARL JUNG |
Analytical Psychology |
|
|
He believed that people are extremely complex beings who possess a variety of opposing qualities, such as introversion and extraversion, masculinity and femininity, and rational and irrational drives. |
Carl Jung |
|
|
LEVELS OF THE PSYCHE |
CONSCIOUS, PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS, COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS |
|
|
Levels of psyche |
•Conscious/ego---Psychic images sensed by the ego •Personal unconscious---Represses, forgotten or subliminally perceived experiences. •Collective unconscious---Idea from the experiences inherited from our ancestors |
|
|
EGO |
◎ force in the personality responsible forfeelings of identity and continuity ◎ personal sense of identity ◎ contains conscious thoughts of ourown behavior, feelings, memories ofour experiences |
|
|
Embraces all repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences by one individual. Contains infantile memories and impulses, forgotten events, and experiences originally perceived below the threshold of consciousness |
PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS |
|
|
◎Jung’s most distinctive concept ◎Emotionally toned experiencesderived from ancestors ◎Responsible for myths, legends, andreligious beliefs ◎Contains the “archetypes”. |
COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS |
|
|
The Archetypes |
Persona, shadow, anima, animus, great mother, wise old man, the hero, self |
|
|
• it contains both personal and collective unconscious images. • unites the opposing forces of the psyche. • mandala is the ultimate symbol |
The self |
|
|
Archetype: Animus |
• Masculine archetype in woman •positive: reason and logic • negative: irrational thinking and illogical opinion • appears in dreams, vision and fantasies in personified forms |
|
|
Archetype: Anima |
•Feminine •Woman from within • second test of courage • positive: his inspiration • negative: irrational moods and feelings •appears in dreams, vision, and fantasies in personified forms |
|
|
Archetypes: Great Mother |
• fertility and nourishment • power of destruction • example: Cinderella fairy godmother |
|
|
◎ The dark side of ego ◎ Amoral ◎ Represents all the parts of our psyche we cannot admit to |
SHADOW |
|
|
The four major Jungian Archetypes |
1. The anima/animus 2. The shadow 3. The persona 4. The self |
|
|
Stages of development |
1. Childhood - Anarchic 2. Youth - The period from puberty until middle life 3. Middle life - Begins at 35 or 40, Anxiety 4. Old life - Diminution of consciousness, Death is the goal of life |
|
|
"Your vision will become clear only when you look into your heart. Who looks outside, dreams. Who looks inside, awaken." |
Carl Gustav Jung |
|
|
CARL ROGERS |
Person –Centered Approach |
|
|
He believed that humans are basically good. He argued that we have an innate drive to reach an optimal sense of ourselves & satisfaction with our lives. A person who does this is what he calls a “Fully Functioning Person.” |
Rogers |
|
|
◎ No aspect is predetermined ◎ Actualizing tendency: Innate, but more influenced by social factors than biological ◎ Accounts for childhood, but later experiences are more important |
Personality |
|
|
Emergence of Self-Concept |
◎ Self-concept: How I see myself ◎ As infants grow, they develop the need for positive regard ◎ Positive regard: Acceptance, love and approval from others |
|
|
Unconditional Positive Regard |
◎ Approval granted regardless of behavior ◎ Eventually grant positive regard to ourselves ◎ Child does not receive positive regard: fails to develop actualizing tendency fully |
|
|
Conditions of worth |
◎ The emphasis is that love is given conditionally (with a string attached). ◎ Resulted from having conditional positive regard |
|
|
Our Two Selves |
Real Self (“Organism”): all our experiences (feelings, wishes, perceptions). Self-Concept: the person we think we are (e.g., “I am...”) |
|
|
Congruence is when the self-concept is closer to the real self: |
Real Self - Congruence - self-concept |
|
|
"The shoe that fits one person pinches another; there is no recipe for living that suits all cases" |
Carl Rogers |
|
|
GORDON ALLPORT |
PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY |
|
|
◎ tries to describe people according to recognizable traits of personality. ◎ His theory seeks to emphasize the characteristics that capture what a person is really like |
PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY BY: GORDON ALLPORT |
|
|
He believes that personality is biologically determined at birth, and shaped by a person's environmental experience. |
Allport |
|
|
TRAITS ARE… |
"a generalized neuropsychic system (peculiar to an individual), with the capacity to render many stimuli functionally equivalent, and to initiate and guide consistent (equivalent) forms of adaptive and expressive behavior". |
|
|
◎ the traits of a person are not fictional but real and inherent within a person. ◎ The traits are consistent and present even if there is no one around to see them. ◎ While some traits are hereditary, there are others that are evoked by a social situation. |
A Neuropsychic System |
|
|
Guide to a Person's Behavior |
◎ These traits are what make a person's behavior consistent. ◎ If the traits are stable, it can be used to determine how an individual will respond in various contexts. |
|
|
◎ "the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to the environment.” ◎ Allport emphasizes the uniqueness of the individual |
PERSONALITY |
|
|
Types of Traits - Gordon Allport divided these traits into a three-level hierarchy.
|
• CARDINAL TRAITS • CENTRAL TRAITS • SECONDARY TRAITS |
|
|
◎ These are the dominant traits of a person's life. ◎ They shape a person's behavior in such a way that a person is known specifically for these traits. ◎ these traits are rare, but strongly deterministic of behavior. |
CARDINAL TRAITS |
|
|
◎ Unlike cardinal traits, this traits are ones that make up your personality. ◎ They are easily detected characteristics of a person. ◎ Central traits influence, but do notdetermine, an individual’s behavior |
CENTRAL TRAITS |
