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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain the role of the practical/vocational nurse in assessment and data collection
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The role of the practical nurse is to collecte data using Character Onset Location Duration Severity Pattern Associated factors COLDSPA. Data is collected and reported to the RN or nursing team in order that a nursing diagnosis can be formulated and a nursing care plan can be formulated.
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Identify common risk factors for disease and illness
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DIET: excess intake of fatty foods (weight gain, increased cholesterol)
IMMOBILITY: atrophy (waste away) increased incidence of pneumonia, constipation, wt gain AGE: toddler/accidental poision; older adult/risk of falling, constipation; young adult/auto accident, drug abuse, unsafe sex OBESITY: shortness of breath, diabetes, coronary artery disease SMOKING: cancer of mouth,COPD HEREDITY: coronary artery disease, sickle cell disease RACE: sickle cell and Tay-Sachs |
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define and differentiate between chronic and acute; and primary and secondary illness
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chronic illness is long term and gets worse over time. acute illness is short term. Primary illness is the main illness that occurs by itself and a secondary illness occurs as a result from or depends on another disorder
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Describe the effects of inflammation and infection of the body.
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Inflammation (heat, redness or swelling) on the body is the body's response to some type of injury or irritant. It results from a rush of WBC into an area in an attempt to fight off a foreign body, heal an injury, or prevent an infection from developing.
Infection is the invasion of the cells, tissue or organs by pathogens. Infection is harmful to the body and destorys tissues; an infection is often the cause of inflammation. |
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State the rationale for obtaining a UA, CBC, UTox, UPT
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UA for bladder or urinary infections, pregnancy, drug use and presence of abnormal components of urine.
CBC complete blood count is taken to determine infection, electrolytes, chemicals or abnormal blood components UTox is to evaluate what is in the blood, drugs or alcohol UPT is a pregnancy test |
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List four types of tests and procedure that primary healthcare providers use to establish a medical diagnosis. Describe how each is used
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BIOPSY identifies tissue abnormalities
EMG identifies muscle disorders by measuring electrical activity of the skeletal muscle LP (lumbar puncture) measures pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid to determine organisms causing disorders; or to inject drugs for spinal block ECG (electrocardiogram) graphically records the electrical impulses of cardiac muscles to identify tissue damage |
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Discuss the purpose of the physical examination done by the primary healthcare provider and the data collected about the client by the registered or practical nurse
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the physical exam allows the healthcare team
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Describe the common examination techniques of observation, inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
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Observation is the technique of looking at the client or watching for general characteristics such as overall appearance.
Inspection is a careful, close and detailed visual exam of the body Auscultation is listening for sounds from within the body, usually with the aid of a stethoscope. Palpatation is feeling the body tissues or parts with the hands or fingers Percussion is tapping or striking the fingers against the body. Examination tools are thermometer, stethoscope, sphygmomanometer and tongue blade, but the best tools are the Nurse's eyes, ears, hands and nose to examine. |
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Describe common organizational formats used to perform the physical examination
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head-to-toe method is most common when you start inspecting from top to bottom. BODY SYSTEMS is another method which focuses on the body systems: musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive. FOCUSED PHYSICAL EXAMINATION is when one body system is thoroughly examined.
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Recognize and describe common deviations from normal body structure and function.
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Common deviations would be shorntess of breath which could be dyspena; loss of appetite or refusal to eat coul be anorexia; vomiting could be emesis; loss of energy could be fatigue; generalized discomfort could be malaise. A protruding bone would be a deviation from normal body structure or a swollen knot on the leg. Fever would be a deviat from normally body function or excess sweating.
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