Ucsp

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The distinctive characteristics that defines anindividual or is shared by those belonging to aparticular group

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Identity

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Identities are

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relational and contextual

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They are regarded as unruly and are oftensuspected on theft and other misdemeanors.

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Urbanization

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Is loosely defined as a society's way of life,provides the basis for forging identities.

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Culture

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refers to a group of people living in a community.

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society

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According to Mclever and Page

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It is a web of social relationship, which is always changing.

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There is nothing permanent except CHANGE

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Heraclitus

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CHANGE IS GENERALLY PERVASIVE AND TAKES PLACE INCULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS.

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Panopio

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changes in social status

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Social Mobility

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changes in social status

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Migration

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multiple ties and connections linking people andinstitutions across the borders of nation-states

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Transnationalism

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process by which an entity developsinternational influence or start operating on aninternational scale.

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Globalization

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variations or modifications in the pattern ofsocial organization, of sub-groups within asociety, or of the entire society itselfmanifestations

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Social Change

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new combination or a new use of existingknowledge

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Invention

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when people reorganize existing elements of theworld they had not noticed before or learned tosee in a new way

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Discovery

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spread of culture traits from one group toanother

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Diffusion

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It happens when one culture spreads toanother through learning. Education isthe most popular form

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Enculturation

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Learning through constant exposureand exposure to culture

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Socialization

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Establishing a connection with theculture thereby bridging areas ofconvergence and cultural symbiosis.

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Association

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The total assimilation of culture asmanifested by change of worldviews,attitudes, behaviors, and perspectives oflooking things

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Integration

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All alterations affecting new traits or traitcomplexes and change in the culture’s contentand structure.

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Cultural Change

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causes are:

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1 physical environment

2. population

3war and conquest

4. random events

5. technology

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women's suffrage gained ground

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1930

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The law mandated a plebiscite on the question ofFilipino women's suffrage, which required

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300,000 votes

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results of the plebiscite, held in 1937

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400,000 votes

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also has profound implications for socio-cultural and politicalchange

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Rapidly-advancing technology

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It issaid that % of the Philippine population is nowabroad either as temporary migrants orpermanent immigrants.

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10%

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primarilyinteract with each other through the Internet andother social media platforms.

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transnational families

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The study of human beings and their respectivecultures where they were born and activelybelong.

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Anthropology

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The study of human social life, groups andsociety in general. -Sex , gender, sexual orientation, religion, socialclass, race, ethnicity - social forces.

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Sociology

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The systematic study of government and politics-Nature of power, how possession and exerciseof power can shape individual actions and collective decisions for that matter.

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Political Science

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Some of the most prominent academic disciplinesin the social sciences are

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anthropology, sociology,and political science

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is the systematic study of the biological,cultural, and social aspects of man. It is derivedfrom two Greek words, anthropos (man) andlogos (study or inquiry)

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ANTHROPOLOGY

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studies how social patternsand practices and cultural variations developacross different societies.

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Social Anthropology

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studies culturalvariations across different societies and examinesthe need to understand each culture in its owncontext.

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Cultural Anthropology

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studies language anddiscourse and how they reflect and shapedifferent aspects of human society and culture.

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Linguistic Anthropology

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studies theorigin of humans as well as the interplay betweensocial factors and the processes of humanevolution adaptation and variation overtime.

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Biological

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ANTHROPOLOGISTS:

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● Sir Burnett Taylor ● Franz Boas ● Bronislaw Maalinowski ● Clifford Geertz ● Alfred Kroeber ● Margaret Mead

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SOCIOLOGIST:

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August Comte - Herbert Spencer - Karl Marx - Emile Durkheim - Max Weber

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is the systematic study of politics, which AndrewHeywood describes as “the activity throughwhich people make, preserve, and amend thegeneral rules under which they live. ” It focuseson the fundamental values of equality, freedom,and justice and its processes and linked to thedynamics of conflict, resolution and cooperation

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POLITICAL SCIENCE

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examines how thegovernment functions and how decisions andpolicies are made.

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Public Administration

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evaluates the interplaybetween economics, politics, and law and itsimplications to the various institutions withinsociety.

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Political Economy

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compares domesticpolitics and governance systems across differentsovereign states.

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Comparative Politics

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POLITICAL SCIENTIST:

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Plato - Aristotle - Niccolo Machiavelli - Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Thomas Hobbes - Baron de Montesquieu - Karl Marx - John Locke

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an marriage ceremonyrequires husband and wife to have an exclusiverelationship and to be sanctified to each otherunder the law of Moses

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Among the Jews,a Kiddush

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Engagement in Jewish law carries

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legal and socialsignificance.

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is the mutual agreement between thebride’s and the groom’s parents to discuss thedate and financial agreements of the marriage.

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Te Naim

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on the wedding day, they recite special prayersas a “day of atonement” and fast from dawn untilthe

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chupah ceremony is completed.

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A group of people occupying a geographicalterritory, with a common culture, and interactingwith each other.

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SOCIETY

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Types of Society

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1. Hunting and gathering societies

2. Pastoral societies

3. Horticultural societies

4. Agricultural societies

5. Industrial societies

6. Post-industrial societies

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Refers to the total and distinctive way of life ordesigns for living of any society.

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Culture

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Scripture of jews

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Torah

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2 MAJOR ASPECTS OF CULTURAL TOOLBOX

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Material Culture

Non material culture

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Total range of what has been learned orperceived as true (however, truth may change) .

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Knowledge

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accumulated facts about nature(biological and physical aspects) .

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Natural

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knowledge of nature in dealingwith practical problems.

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Technological

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perceptions about the actions ofgods, demons, angels, and spirits and naturalbeings such as shamans, witches, or prophetswho have supernatural powers.

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Supernatural

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perception about methods ofinfluencing supernatural events by manipulatingcertain laws of nature.

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Magical

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Rules or group expectations of how one shouldbehave or acton certain situations.

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Social Norms

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norms which are right, legal,ethical, proper, moral, appropriate.

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Prescriptive

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norms which are unethical, wrong,bad, immoral, illegal, inappropriate, andimproper.

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Proscriptive

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These are the general rules, customary, andhabitual ways and patterns of expected behaviorwithin the society where they are followed,without much thought given to the matter. - Include innumerable group expectation like rulesof eating , drinking, dressing, rituals, and politebehavior in institutional settings.

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Folkways

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Special folkways (more strict) which areimportant to the welfare of the peopleand their values.

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Mores

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Formalized norms sanctioned by thestate like fines, imprisonment, or death.

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Laws

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It is the systematized usage of speech andhearing to convey, communicate, or expressfeelings and ideas.

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Language

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It refers to the techniques and knowledge inutilizing raw materials to produce food, tools,clothing, shelter, means of transportation andweapon.

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Technology

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are defined culturally as standards bywhich peopleassess desirability, goodness, andbeauty.

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Values

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When the cultural knowledge is passed on

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SOCIALIZATION AND ENCULTURATION

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refers to particular circumstances of acertain culture and is defined by location,weather, time period, and other factors.

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CONTEXT

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considers culture as the centralfocus of its discipline.

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Anthropology

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considers culture asequal. This view holds that there are no“superior” and “inferior” cultures, and each isunique in its own way

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RELATIVISTIC APPROACH

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the belief thatone’s native culture is superior to other cultures.Ethnocentric societies tend to have a negativeview of other countries and people.

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ETHNOCENTRIC APPROACH

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diminishes orinvalidates “other” ways of life andcreates a distorted view of one’s own. Asa result, this could affect individual

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ETHNOCENTRISM

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oncereferred to the Filipinos as Americans’“little brown brothers” who needed tobe supervised by the United States ofAmerica

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William Howard Taft,

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there are some societies that havethe tendency to consider their culture as inferiorto others

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XENOCENTRISM.

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whichrecognizes and accepts the cultural differencesbetween societies. This view believes that everyaspect of culture can justified by the context inwhich the culture has been formed.

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CULTURAL RELATIVISM

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relates culture with the overall contextof social order. There are different sociologicalperspectives that explain this order.

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Sociology

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operates on theassumption that society is a stable and orderlysystem. Structural functionalists consider cultureas a glue that binds society.

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STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM

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assumes that there is aconstant power struggle among the variousgroups and institutions within the society.

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Conflict theory

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views individualand group behavior and social interactions asdefining features of society.

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SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

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also examines cultures as a vitalaspect of society.

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POLITICAL SCIENCE

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advances awareness and acceptance of cultural differencesbut encourages a critical stance in dealing withissues regarding diversity.

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Cultural sensitivity