The Joke - Haydn

Front 1

When was it composed?

Back 1

1781

Front 2

Where would it have been played and who by?

Back 2

private or semi-private performance by 4 accomplished players

Front 3

What sets this movement apart from other music at this time? (such as the baroque trio sonata)

Back 3

It does'nt have a hapsichord

Front 4

What is the instrumentation?

Back 4

2 violins

Viola

Cello

Front 5

Why is it called "The Joke"?

Back 5

-Silences, twists and false starts make it difficult for the audience to know when to clap?

-Put off amateur "beat driven" players who he hated?

-OR Haydn's affair with a young mezzo soprano is the reason for the optimism???

Front 6

What is the relationship between 1st and 2nd violin in terms of pitch?

Back 6

1st plays higher

Front 7

What never occurs between instruments?

Back 7

Doubling

Front 8

what string-playing techniques are used?

Back 8

Arco throughout (bow)

NO pizzicato

Frequent staccato - playful effect

Double stopping used in 2 passages -> adagio to give it more weight and mock solemnity

Front 9

What word is given to describe the use of themes in the music?

Back 9

Monothematicism -> contrasts are not very strong

Front 10

What is the phrasing like (with example)?

Back 10

Periodic phrasing

opening 8 bars 2+2+4 classical phrase structure

Front 11

What king of patterns are used in the melody (with example)?

Back 11

Scale and arpeggio patterns

B17-21 shows alternation between them

Front 12

What is used in B9-12?

CLUE:

is a compositional technique interspersing the primary diatonic pitches and chords with other pitches of the chromatic scale.

Back 12

Chromaticism within a mainly diatonic melody

Front 13

What technique is used in the melody to liven up quite boring bits (with example)?

Back 13

Melodic dissonance

B18-20 boring arpeggio - strong beat A natural added in.

Front 14

Passing notes are used frequently.

Give an example of a...

-Diatonic, unaccented

-Chromatic, accented

Back 14

Diatonic, unaccented = B3 D

Chromatic, accented = B13 B natural

Front 15

What is an auxiliary note (with example)?

Back 15

A nonchord tone that passes stepwise from a chord tone directly above or below it.

B4 chromatic lower auxiliary note

Front 16

What is an Echappee (with example)?

Back 16

The ornamental note will go the opposite way of the progression, followed by the proper note in the progression.

B3 G

Front 17

Describe the ornamentation in this piece.

Back 17

Limited (unlike baroque - typical of classical)

Acciaccaturas used a lot eg. B7

Front 18

Describe the texture.

Back 18

Melody dominated homophony

(violin1 = melody)

Front 19

How do the instruments work together?

Back 19

-Each part is independent

-Apart from violins parrellel 3rds, 6ths and 10ths (in the refrain from B9)

-Occasional homorythmic movement (2 pause chords B139-140)

-In the second episode other instruments take up violin 1 melody

Front 20

What is the structure of the piece?

What is the internal structure of the A section?

Back 20

Rondo form

Rounded binary form (repeat marks show this B0-36)

Front 21

Show, with letters, the structure.

Back 21

A B A C A1

Front 22

What is the refrain?

Back 22

The A section (like a chorus - repeated)

Front 23

What kind of harmony is used?

Back 23

Functional harmony

Front 24

Which kind of chord is used most frequently?

Back 24

Tonic and dominant

eg. opening phrase I-V-I

Front 25

What kind of cadence is used frequently?

Back 25

Perfect

Front 26

What harmonic devise's are used?

Back 26

-Pedal - used a lot

-Harmonic sequences B59-61

-Chromatic harmony B69 dim triad - not much

-Suspensions B14 the B flat - not much

Front 27

How is harmony used for humorous effect?

Back 27

-B28 Dom 7th chord left hanging before return of theme

-Extended dom pedals - chords Ic and V often placed above it but a key-affirming cadence isn't reached. sf markings used to exaggerate this.

- Dom 9th chord at Adagio beginning to mock the traditional dramatic idea of the section.

Front 28

What kind of tonality is used?

Back 28

Functional tonality

perfect cadences, tonic/dominant pedals

Front 29

Outline the changes in key

Back 29

Each A section is firmly based on the tonic key of E flat major.

Elewhere only modulates to closely related keys. But NEVER C minor!! (too sad)

He goes to Ab maj, F minor, B flat maj

Front 30

What is unusual about the piece in terms of metre and rhythm?

Back 30

Changes the time sig in the adagio to a slow duple time for 4 bars.

Front 31

What is the time sig?

Back 31

compound duple metre

Front 32

What rhythm is common in the violin 1?

Back 32

Streams of endless quavers B54-67

Front 33

Which rhythmic technique is apparent?

Back 33

Rhythmic diminution B22-23

Front 34

What links the adagio in with the rest of the piece?

Back 34

Anacrusis

Front 35

What kind of rhythm is in the adagio?

Back 35

Scotch snap - on beat demisemiquavers

Front 36

Where is the main general pause and what effect does it have?

Back 36

B166

Fragments the music

Creates when to clap joke

Front 37

What are the dynamics in the episodes like?

Back 37

Forte

Sforzando emphasises strong beats

Front 38

What dynamic does each phrase of the adagio start as?

Back 38

f

Front 39

What dynamic does the music end on?

Back 39

Subtle pp