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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Science is learned best when the following is offered to students: |
Students must be actively involved through hands-on exploration; It must be related and built on their abilities and experiences; Math and communication must be integrated. |
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Once students have developed knowledge of a topic, what can also be developed? |
Students can develop a testable hypothesis. |
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Once a hypothesis is formulated, students can begin what process? |
Students can begin the process of scientific inquiry and scientific experimentation. |
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What is the most challenging phase of scientific inquiry for children? |
Interpreting results |
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What are the basic components when developing questions for children? |
Purpose of the study- What do you want to study? Hypothesis- What results are you expecting? Methodology- How do you plan to carry out the experiment? Results- What did you discover? Interpretation- What is the meaning of the results? |
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Teachers need to follow these practices and principles to protect children when experimenting with science: |
The use of appropriate protective gear, includes goggles, lab coats and gloves; Create appropriate cleaning procedures and chemical disposal; Appropriate disciplinary procedures to avoid accidents; Use polyethylene or metal container instead of glass; Advise children to avoid ingestion; and label all containers |
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What is matter? |
Anything that takes up space and has mass. |
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What is mass? |
The amount of matter in an object or thing. |
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What is volume? |
The amount of space that matter takes up.
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What is weight? |
The amount of gravitational force exerted over an object. |
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How many elements are on the periodic table? |
There are 112 basic kinds of matter.
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What is an atom? |
It is an element composed of microscopic components. |
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Atoms are made up by what? |
Particles called electrons, protons and neutrons. |
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The mass of an atom is located where? |
Mostly in the nucleus, which is made up by protons and neutrons. |
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What is a electron? |
It contains little mass and orbits around the nucleus carries a negative charge.
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What is a proton? |
It carries a positive charge and is found in a nucleus. |
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What does 3 mean? What does Li mean? What does 6.941 mean? |
3 is the atomic number. Li is the atomic symbol on periodic table. 6.941 is the atomic mass. |
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Atomic mass= Protons + neutrons |
To find the number of neutrons: 1.Round the atomic mass to a whole # (for example Li has a atomic mass of 6.941, round up to 7) 2. It gives you 7, subtract the 3( atomic #) and it gives you the # of neutrons in Li. 7 (atomic mass)-3 (Atomic #/protons)=4 (#of neutrons) |
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How many states of matter are there? |
There are 4 states that consist of solid, liquid, gas and plasma. |
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Stars are composed by what form of matter? |
Plasma |
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What is a compound? |
Matter the is composed of atoms that are chemically combined with one another in definite weight proportions. Ex: water - water is oxygen and hydrogen combined together to form H2O. |
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What is a mixture? |
It is matter that is made up of two or more types of molecules, that are not chemically combined and without definite weight proportions. Ex: milk-milk is a mixture of water and butterfat |
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What is a solution? |
A mixture that are homogeneous, which means that the components are distributed evenly. Ex: Seawater and ammonia. Seawater consists of water and salt. |
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What are the properties of matter? |
Physical, chemical, thermal, electrical |
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What is a physical property? |
It is the way matter looks and feels. It includes color, density, hardness and conductivity. Color-represents how matter is reflected by human eye. Density-represents the mass contained in a unit of volume. Hardness-represents the resistance to penetration by a given substance. Conductivity-represents the ability of a substance to transmit thermal or electric currents. |
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What is a thermal property? |
When matter is sensitive to temperature changes. For ex: When water is exposed to cold it changes the property from a liquid to a solid. |
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What is a electrical property? |
When matter is classified as a conductor or nonconductor of electricity. It allows the conductive matter to transfer electric currents or heat from one point to another.
Ex: Metals-conductor; Wood and rocks- are non conductors |
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What is a chemical property? |
When one type of matter or element can react with other types of matter. The more separated the groups are, the more likely they will cause a reaction when brought together and it can become a different type of matter. Ex: Metal trash can left in rain turns to rust. |
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How do you read the liquid in the beaker tube? |
Depending on what substance is in tube. If liquid is in the tube and it curves in a upward position. It is called concave and read at the low level. If a chemical is in tube it curves in a downward position. It is called convex and read where the liquid is at top. |
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What is A called? What is B called? |
A is called Concave meniscus. B is called convex meniscus. |
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These tools and equipment are for what grade level: Non-standard measurements hand lenses computers balances cups and bowls |
Kindergarten
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These tools and equipment are for what grade level: Non-standard measurements hand lenses computers balances cups and bowls thermometers |
First Grade |
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These tools and equipment are for what grade levels: Non-standard measurements hand lenses computers balances cups and bowls thermometers clocks meter sticks |
Second Grade |
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These tools and equipment are for what grade levels: Non-standard measurements hand lenses computers balances cups and bowls thermometers clocks metal sticks Microscopes Safety goggles Magnets Compasses |
Third grade |
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What is the conservation of mass (matter)? |
The fundamental principle of physics. According to this law, matter can be neither created nor destroyed. In other words, the mass of an object or collection of objects never changes, no matter how the parts are rearranged. In an ordinary chemical reaction, the sum of the masses of the reactants (the substances undergoing the change) equals the sum of the masses of the products (the substances resulting from the reaction). For ex: the mass of wood and oxygen that disappears in combustion is equal to the mass of water vapor, carbon dioxide, smoke, and ash that appears following the reaction.
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If you put a rock on a balancing scales, what are you looking for? |
You are looking for the mass. |
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What do you use to measure liquid?
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graduated cylinder and beakers |
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What do you use to measure mass? |
Triple beam balance |
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Newton's law of motion: |
3 laws of motion: 1st law of motion:An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. 2nd law of motion:the acceleration of an object produced by a net (total) applied force is directly related to the magnitude of the force, the same direction as the force, and inversely related to the mass of the object 3rd law of motion:for every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction (force). Forces are found in pairs. |
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What is force? |
The action of moving an object by pulling or pushing. It can cause an object to move at a constant speed or accelerate. |
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What is work? |
The product of force acting in the direction of movement and causing displacement. |
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What is energy? |
The ability to do work: When a tow truck uses force to pull a car and move it to a different location, energy was used. |
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The most common form of energy comes from where? |
The Sun |
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What is photosynthesis? |
When plants capture sun energy and transforms it into chemical energy in the form of glucose. |
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What is chemical energy? |
Stored in the leaves, stems and fruits of plants. Humans and animals consume them to get energy for survival. This energy source is transformed to create kinetic energy and body heat. |
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What is kinetic energy? |
Used to create movement. An object that has motion - whether it is vertical or horizontal motion. |
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What is a fossil fuel? |
It is a liquid fuel that is formed from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals (also called oil) Consist of: Natural gas, coal, and oil) |
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What is potential energy? |
The energy that an object has in its position or condition, It has the potential to move. |
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What three ways can heat be transferred? |
Conduction, convection and radiation |
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What is conduction? |
The process of transferring heat or electricity through a substance. (Transfer of energy) |
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What is radiation? |
A energy that travels at high speed in space in the form of light.
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What is convection? |
The flow of heat through movement of matter from a hot region to a cool region. Ex: Heating water on the stove-warm air rises.. heat rises from stove to bottom of pot |
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What is a simple machine? |
Has few or no moving parts and can change the size and direction of a force. It can be a screw, hammer, computer or wedge. |
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How many hours of sun does the South Pole have? |
It has 24 hours. |
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What is the largest organ of the body? |
The Skin |
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What is sublimation? |
Solid to a gas without passing through a liquid. |
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What degree does water boil? |
At 212 degrees Fahrenheit or 100 degrees celsius |
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What degree does water freeze? |
At 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees celsius |
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What is a cell? |
The basic unit of living organisms and the simplest living unit of life. They are composed primarily of water, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen. |
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All living organisms are composed of what? |
Cells |
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What is a Prokaryotic cell? |
It is the simplest and most primitive type. They come in three shapes: Cocci (round) Bacilii(rods), spirilla (helical) |
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What is a Eukaryotic cell? |
They are evolved from prokaryotic cells and in the process became structurally and biochemically more complex. |
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How many groups of living things divided into? |
5 groups |
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What is Monera? (bacteria) |
Consist of unicellular organisms, only group made up of prokaryotic cells |
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What is Protista? (protozoans) |
A type of eukaryotic cell with a more complex organization system. This kingdom includes diverse, mostly unicelluar organisms that live in aquatic habitats, both fresh and salt water. They are not animals or plants but a unique organism.
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What is Fungi? (Mushrooms, mold, mildew, yeast) |
Made up of multi cellular organisms with a sophisticated organization system that contains eukaryotic cells. They exist in a variety of forms and shapes, they cannot produce food. They obtain energy, carbon and water from dead materials. |
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What is plantae? (Plants) |
A multicellular organism with plants, moss and ferns. Plant cells trap sunlight as energy (photosynthesis). |
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What is Animalia? (Animals) |
A multicellular with multiple forms and shapes, with senses and organs. It is composed of organisms such as sponge, worms, insects, fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. |
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What is aerobic respiration? |
The process that consumes oxygen. |
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Animal and plants cells contain what? |
Mitochondria and chloroplsts |
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What is energy transformation? |
Energy that is transferred from one form to another. |
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What does animals in tundra region mean? |
Animals that live where the earth is frozen.
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The earth is made up of what material? |
Rocks, soil, water and atmospheric gas |
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What is sedimentary rock? |
It is formed when small potions of earth are broken down, worn by wind and water. The layers of eroded earth are deposited on top and the layers are pressed down over time. Ex: coal, rock salt, clay and sand |
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What is igneous rock? |
It is formed by fire rocks from either underground or above. They are formed under the ground when melted rock, magma, is trapped in the pockets and the magma cools. Also form when volcanoes erupt. Ex: granite and obsidian |
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What is a metamorphic rock? |
These are morphed or changed into another kind of rock. They were igneous or sedimentary rocks and under enormous amounts of pressure, heat built up and caused the rock to change. Ex: marble, slate |
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What is soil? |
It is formed by weathered rock particles and decayed plants. |
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Name the types of soil. |
Clay, topsoil and sand |
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What is atmospheric gas? |
Nitrogen and oxygen, which makes up 78% and 21% of volume in the air. |
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How much nitrogen is in the air? |
78% |
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How much oxygen is in the air? |
21% |
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How much argon is in the air? |
1% |
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What are the layers of the earth? |
Crust mantle (thickest) the outer and inner core. |
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Name the layers of the atmosphere? |
Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Ionosphere Thermosphere Exosphere |
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What is troposphere? |
It is where weather occurs. |
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What is Stratosphere? |
Is where the ozone is located. |
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What is mesosphere? |
This is where comets and meteors are. |
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What is a thermometer used for? |
It is used to measure temperature. |
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What is a barometer used for? |
It is used to measure air pressure |
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What is hygrometer used for? |
It is used for measuring humidity. |
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What is anemometer used for? |
It is used to measure wind speed. |
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What is the average circumference of the earth at the equator?
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It is 25,902 miles and a radius of 3,959 miles. |
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What is the process of Weathering? |
It is the breaking down of rock, soils and minerals through natural, chemical and biological processes. Also known as WED.
W-Weathering E-Erosion D-Deposition |
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What is weathering? |
The wearing or breaking down of rock by water, ice and wind.
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What is Erosion? |
The wearing away or movement of sediment by water, wind or ice. |
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What is Deposition? |
It is the dropping of sediment in a new location by wind or water. |
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What makes Tectonic plates move? |
Convection |
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How many plate Tectonics are there? |
20 plates |
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What are the 1st four inner planets called? |
Terrestrial planets |
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What is a comet? |
They orbit the sun. |
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What is a Meteor? |
Only seen in the sky |
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What is a Meteorite? |
It can reach earth. |
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What is a Meteoroid? |
It is a rock in space. |
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The Earth rotates what? |
It rotates the sun. |
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The moon rotates what? |
It rotates the earth. |
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Name the three main parts of an insect: |
Head thorax abdomen |
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What is the continental drift? |
Named by german scientist Alfred Wenegar, continents broke apart and drifted through the ocean floor to their present location. |
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What are the stages of the water cycle? |
Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Collection of water |
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Ocean tides are made by what? |
By the gravitational pull from the earth and moon. The gravitational attraction of the moon causes the oceans to bulge out in the direction of the moon. |
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What are faults? |
The movement of the earth's plates that forces rock layers to fold. They can create mountains, hills and valleys. It is a deep crack that marks the boundary between two plates |
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What is a galaxy? |
A collection of stars , hydrogen, dust particles and other gases. |
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The solar system is called what galaxy? |
The Milky way |
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Stars are composed of what? |
Large masses of hydrogen pulled together by gravity. |
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What does My very elegant mother just served us nutritious pizza mean? MVEMJSUNP |
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto |
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What planets are the inner planets in the solar system? |
Mercury Venus Earth Mars |
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What planets are in the outer planets in the solar system? |
Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto |
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What is rotation? |
The spinning of Earth around the sun. 24 hours for a complete rotation. |
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What is a revolution? |
Earth rotates around axis and it also follows an orbit around the sun. It takes 1 year or 365 days for a complete one revolution. |
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What is the winter solstice? |
Is Dec 21st, Sun's rays hit Earth at an angle at top. Sun is over the Tropic of Cancer. Sun at left of Earth, darker on the right. |
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What is the summer solstice? |
Is June 21st and the sun is at the Tropic of Cancer. Sun at the right of the Earth, darker on left |
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What is the spring solstice? |
Is March 21st and sun is over the Equator. Has the most sun in front.
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What is the fall solstice? |
Is Sept 23 and sun over the Equator. Sun not seen and darker on the North/South Hemisphere |
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On December 21st, which pole is dark all day? |
North Pole |
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On December 21st, which pole has sunlight all day? |
South Pole |
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Name the climate zones? |
The Arctic Circle (North Pole) Tropic of Cancer (North) Equator Tropic of Capricorn (South) The Antarctic Circle (South Pole) |
