Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
163 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Form
(music) |
the big pieces/sections of a song or work
The form of "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" is ABA |
|
|
Rhythm
|
long and short sounds in music
*like the syllables in a sentence *Happy Birthday to You has a rhythm of - - - - -- -- |
|
|
Timbre
|
Types of instruments used in a work
|
|
|
Harmony
|
the accompaniment of a song
*In pop music, often played by guitar or keyboard |
|
|
Hypokinetic Diseases
|
diseases associated with decreased physical activity
|
|
|
Cephalocaudal
|
Term refering to the head-to-toe direction of motor development
|
|
|
Proximodistal
|
Term referring to the big-to-little or inside-to-outside direction of motor development
|
|
|
Elements of Art
|
color, texture, form, shape
line, space, value |
|
|
Hue, intensity, and value regarding Color
|
Hue--name of the color
Intensity--lightness or darkness of a color Value--brightness or dullness of a color |
|
|
Key Signature
|
tells performers what "black notes on a piano" to play or sing
Includes flats and sharps |
|
|
Pitch
|
relates to the placement of notes on the staff
|
|
|
Melody
|
the tune of a song or a piece
|
|
|
Tempo
|
how fast or slow music is played or sung
|
|
|
Dynamics
(music) |
how loud or soft music is played or sung
|
|
|
Beat
|
the "pulse" of a work
|
|
|
Meter
|
groups of steady beats
refers to the number of beats grouped together (2s, 3s, 4s) |
|
|
3 main branches of government
|
legislature--run by Congress
executive--run by the President judicial--run by the Supreme Court |
|
|
Main economic exports of Texas
|
Cotton--starting in the 17th century
Cattle ranching--starting in 1850s Petroleum--starting in 1901 Electronic Products--20th century |
|
|
George Washington Carver
|
African American who made major agricultural contributions, especially with peanuts, soybeans, and sweet potatoes
--300+ uses for the peanut |
|
|
Mae Jemison
|
1st African American female astronaut
5th black astronaut |
|
|
Charles Drew
|
African American doctor
1st director of American Red Cross blood banks |
|
|
Santiago Ramón y Cajal
|
Hispanic doctor awarded the Nobel Prize in 1906 for his work on the structure of the nervous system
|
|
|
Antonia Novello
|
1st woman and 1st Hispanic to become surgeon general of the United States
|
|
|
Ellen Ochoa
|
1st female Hispanic astronaut
|
|
|
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
|
Sensorimotor--birth to 2yrs
Preoperational--2-7 yrs Concrete Operational--7-11 yrs Formal Operational--11+ yrs |
|
|
Major Properties of Objects
(Science) |
size, shape, temperature,
hardness, mass, construction, density |
|
|
3 Particles of an Atom
|
proton
neutron electron |
|
|
3 Types of Heat Transfer
|
Conduction--transfer through solids
Convection--transfer through liquids Radiation--transfer through space |
|
|
States of Matter
|
Solid
Liquid Gas |
|
|
9 Types of Energy
|
Kinetic, Potential, Mechanical
Thermal, Chemical, Sound, Light, Solar, Electrical |
|
|
Kinetic Energy
|
energy of an object in motion
|
|
|
Potential Energy
|
stored energy of an object
|
|
|
Thermal Energy
|
heat energy
energy that occurs as a result of temperature differences/changes |
|
|
Mechanical Energy
|
the sum of an object's kinetic and potential energies
|
|
|
Law of the Conservation of Energy
|
energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transfered
|
|
|
Basic functions of survival for organisms
|
feeding, respiration, circulation
excretion, response, movement, reproduction |
|
|
Homeostasis
|
ability of an organism to maintain equilibrium
|
|
|
Igneous Rocks
|
formed when magma cools
incl. mica, quartz, feldspar |
|
|
Metamorphic Rock
|
either sedimentary or igneous rocks that have changed (morphed) due to intense heat/pressure
incl. gneiss, schist |
|
|
Sedimentary Rock
|
formed when sediments are deposited in layers, compacted together, and hardened
incl. sandstone, limestone, shale |
|
|
1st Amendment
|
freedom of religion, speech, press, to assemble, and to petition
|
|
|
2nd Amendment
|
right to keep and bear arms
|
|
|
4th Amendment
|
protection against unreasonable search and seizures
|
|
|
5h Amendment
|
the right to due process,
protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy |
|
|
6th Amendment
|
right to fair & speedy public trial
rights to notice of accusations, to confront accusers, to subpeonas, and to counsel |
|
|
7th Amendment
|
right to trial by jury
|
|
|
8th Amendment
|
protection against excessive bail & fines
protection against cruel & unusual punishment |
|
|
13th Amendment
|
abolished slavery
|
|
|
15th Amendment
|
prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race or color
|
|
|
19th Amendment
|
recognition of women's suffrage
|
|
|
21st Amendment
|
repeals the 18th amendment which prohibited the use/sale of alcohol
|
|
|
Accelerated Erosion
|
erosion resulting from human activity
|
|
|
3 Main Gases of Earth's Atmosphere
|
Nitrogen--78%
Oxygen--21% Argon--1% |
|
|
5 main layers of Earth's atmosphere
|
troposphere--location of weather
stratosphere--ozone layer mesosphere thermosphere--auroras, space shuttle orbits here exosphere |
|
|
Cultural Diffusion
|
transmission of objects, ideas, and behaviors from one society to another
|
|
|
Acculturation
|
one society adopts a great deal of another society's culture
|
|
|
What were the six flags that flew over Texas?
|
Spain (1519-1685; 1690-1821)
France (1685-1690) Mexico (1821-1836) Republic of Texas (1836-45) Confederate States (1861-65) United States (1845-61; 1865-present) |
|
|
Jane Long
|
Mother of Texas (1798-1880)
First Anglo to bear a child in Texas (1821) |
|
|
Ma Ferguson
|
1st female governor of Texas
1925-1927 & 1933-1935 |
|
|
Barbara Jordan
|
1st African American woman from a southern state to serve in Congress (House of Reps 1973)
1976--1st woman to deliver keynote address at Democratic Nat'l Convention |
|
|
Ethnographies
|
detailed descriptions of other cultures, including both physical and cultural geographies
|
|
|
remote sensing
|
geographic information about an object, region, or event can be acquired w/out being in direct contact with it (eg. seismographs)
|
|
|
Types of Maps
|
Outline--outlines of geographic regions w/out additional detail
Relief--contain raised features of topography of region Puzzle--maps cut into puzzles Topographic--use different colors symbols to represent topography of region |
|
|
Rule of Law
|
the idea that all people should receive fair, equal, consistent treatment under the law
|
|
|
Civics
|
study of how society maintains order through government institutions and political processes
|
|
|
Alonso Alvarez de Pineda
|
1519--explored and mapped Texas coastline
|
|
|
Native Cultures of 18th & 19th Centuries
|
Apache, Cherokee, Comanche, Kiowa, Pueblo, Wichitas, Shawnee, Kickapoo
|
|
|
Native Cultures of Archaic Period
|
6,000 BC~500 AD
Coahultecans, Caddos, Karankawas, Trans-Pecos |
|
|
Spindletop Oil Field
|
1901--Oil discovered in Texas
initiated modern petroleum industry |
|
|
When was the Texas State Constitution ratified?
|
1876
|
|
|
Texas joins the Confederacy...
Texas rejoins the Union... |
1861
1870 |
|
|
Compromise of 1850
|
Texas relinquishes territory and gains its current shape
|
|
|
Mexican-American War
|
1846
Fought over claims to the southern boundary of Texas |
|
|
When was the Lone Star flag flown for the first time?
|
1846
|
|
|
When was Texas admitted into the Union?
|
1845
28th state |
|
|
1st President of the Republic of Texas
|
1836
Sam Houston |
|
|
Battle of San Jacinto
|
1836
Gen. Sam Houston defeats Santa Anna |
|
|
Battle of the Alamo
|
1836
battle lost to Santa Anna casualties incl David Crockett, Jim Bowie, and William Travis |
|
|
When was the Texas Declaration of Independence signed?
|
1836
|
|
|
Battle of Gonzales
|
1835
the start of the struffle for Texas independence from Mexico |
|
|
In what year did Mexico forbid the entry to US settlers into Texas?
|
1830
|
|
|
Stephen F. Austin
|
1821
--established 1st Anglo-American colony in Texas --the "Old Three Hundred" |
|
|
In what year did Mexico gain independence from Spain?
|
1821
|
|
|
Corpus Christi de la Isleta
|
1682
*1st Spanish mission in Texas *established near El Paso |
|
|
Cabeza de Vaca
|
1528
One of the first Europeans to explore the Texas interior |
|
|
Rene-Robert Cavelier Sieur de la Salle
|
one of the first French explorers in Texas
|
|
|
Wright Brothers
|
1903
1st powered flight |
|
|
William DeForest
|
1906
invented the vacuum tube |
|
|
Henry Ford
|
1908
Invented mass production of the automobile |
|
|
KDKA-Pittsburg
|
1920
1st commercial radio station on air |
|
|
Insulin
|
Created by Canadian researchers in 1922
|
|
|
When and where was the first successful television transmission?
|
1927 in New York
|
|
|
Alexander Fleming
|
1928
Discovered Penicillin |
|
|
Wallace Carothers
|
1932
invented Nylons |
|
|
Robert Watson-Watt
|
1935
Invented the radar |
|
|
Bell Labs
|
1947
invented the transistor |
|
|
Major discovery in Saudi Arabia
|
1936
Significant oil fields Changed face of industry |
|
|
Physical geography
vs. Cultural geography |
physical-->physical environment of the earth
cultural-->relationships between people and the environment |
|
|
Geographic Regions of Texas
|
Great Plains--Panhandle, far north
Gulf Coast Plains--east coast Trans-Pecos--Big Bend, southwestern North Central Plains |
|
|
Geographic Regions of North America
|
Coastal Range, Basin & Range, Rocky Mtns, Great Plains, Interior Lowlands, Canadian Shield, Coastal Plains, Appalachian Mtns.
|
|
|
3 Major Learning Styles
|
Visual
Auditory Kinesthetic |
|
|
Phonology & Phonemes
|
phonology--sounds of a language
phonemes--basic units of sound |
|
|
How many phonemes are in the following:
cat, book, she, bread |
cat= 3 /c/ /a/ /t/
book= 3 /b/ /oo/ /k/ she= 2 /sh/ /e/ bread= 4 /b/ /r/ /e/ /d/ |
|
|
Morphology & Morphemes
|
Morphology--set of rules for combining sounds into meaningful units
Morpheme--smalles unit of meaning in a language |
|
|
How many morphemes are in the following:
biggest, cats, cup |
biggest--2 big + est
cats--2 cat+s cup--1 cup |
|
|
Syntax
|
the structure of a phrase or sentence
|
|
|
____+____= grammar
|
syntax + morphology = grammar
|
|
|
Semantics
|
meaning of words and phrases
|
|
|
Pragmatics
|
rules for effective communication in different contexts, including tone, slang, etc
|
|
|
holophrase
|
toddlers use 1 word to express an entire thought/sentence
"milk" could mean: I want milk. I spilled my milk. |
|
|
Overregulation
|
Children treat irregular forms according to the rules of ordinary cases
eg. foots, mouses, builded |
|
|
Critical Listening
|
used to understand and evaluate the content of what someone is saying
vs. listening for appreciation/enjoyment |
|
|
metacognition
|
ability to reflect on one's own thought processes
|
|
|
metalinguistic knowledge
|
ability to reflect on and evaluate language
|
|
|
phonological awareness
|
ability to notice and think about sounds of language
|
|
|
phonemic awareness
|
ability to identify phonemes that make up words
eg. able to tell you onset of 'cat' is /c/ |
|
|
blending
|
blending sounds together
/p/ /a/ /t/ is 'pat' |
|
|
segmentation
|
division of words into sounds
'dog' is /d/ /o/ /g/ |
|
|
alphabetic principle
|
idea that there is a consistent relationship between sounds and letters
|
|
|
grapheme
|
the letter sor letters that represent a phoneme
sh, c, th, t |
|
|
Graphonemic Knowledge
|
knowledge about specific relationships between graphemes and phonemes
|
|
|
Alphabetic recognition
|
ability to recognize printed letters based on their distinctive shapes
|
|
|
Emergent vs Conventional Literacy
|
emergent-->literacy experiences prior to formal instruction
conventional-->literacy taught in elementary school |
|
|
Invented Spelling
|
phonetic spelling
|
|
|
Choral Reading
|
groups of children read aloud together
|
|
|
Guided Reading
|
teacher explains the purpose of reading a text and the structure for how to respond to what is read
|
|
|
story grammar
|
underlying structure of a story
ie. the plot, beginning, middle, end |
|
|
decoding
|
refers to the recognition of how written words sound
"reading" |
|
|
phonic analysis
|
"sounding out" a word
|
|
|
dipthongs
|
pairs of adjacent vowels that are both heard
eg. 'oy' in toy |
|
|
consonant blends
|
pairs of adjacent consonants that are both heard
eg. 'br' in break |
|
|
digraph
|
pairs of vowels or consonants heard as one sound
'ch' in cherry 'ee' in meet |
|
|
decodable texts
|
written materials that reflect the letter-sound relationships a particular child already knows
|
|
|
structural analysis
|
the identification of morphemes
|
|
|
fluent reading
|
ability to read quickly, accurately, smoothly, and with expression
|
|
|
Prosody
|
the pitch, loudness, tempo, and rhythm of language
|
|
|
Intonation
|
patterns of pitch that contribute to the meaning of phrases or sentences
|
|
|
Name the 4 stages of reading
|
1. pre-reading
2. initial reading (decoding) stage 3. fluency stage 4. reading to learn |
|
|
content literacy
|
ability to use written texts as sources of information
|
|
|
SQ3R method
|
student-directed approach to reading expository texts
Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review |
|
|
Stages of Spelling
|
1. precommunicative (scribbles/mock letters)
2. prephonemic (phonemic/invented spelling) 3. phonemic (all basic sounds represented) 4. transitional 5. conventional |
|
|
Steps of Writing Process
|
1. prewriting
2. drafting 3. revising 4. editing 5. sharing |
|
|
5 Stages of learning Geometry
|
1. visualization (recognize/name shapes)
2. Analysis (describes figures) 3. Informal deduction (classifying figures) 4. Deduction (writing proofs) 5. Rigor (work in several geom. systems at once) **Stages 1-3 common in elementary school |
|
|
Congruence vs. Similarity
|
congruence: match exactly in size and shape
similar: proportional |
|
|
Define:
Mean, Median, and Mode |
Mean: average
Median: middle value Mode: most frequent value |
|
|
Describe:
Translations, Rotations, Reflections, Dilations, Contractions |
translations: sliding
rotation: turning reflection: flipping dilation: expand contract: reduce |
|
|
Name the levels of Bloom's Taxonomy
|
Knowlege
Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation |
|
|
Elkonin Boxes
|
an instructional method used in the early elementary grades to build phonological awareness by segmenting words into syllables or sounds
--each box represents a syllable or morpheme |
|
|
Tangrams
|
puzzle/game consisting of seven geometrical pieces that forms thousands of designs
|
|
|
Geoboards
|
Geoboards are grids of pegs that can hold rubber bands in position. They can be used to teach shapes, perimeters, area, etc
|
|
|
Diene's Blocks
|
--also known as Base 10 blocks
--blocks used to represent ones, tens, hundreds, etc when working with math |
|
|
Newton's 3 Laws of Motion
|
1. Any object in motion stays in motion unless an outside force stops it.
2. Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. 3. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
|
|
Cuiseniare Rods
|
Rods of varying lengths and colors used to teach math, and more recently, language arts.
|
|
|
Full Faith and Credit Clause
|
the familiar name used to refer to Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings" of other states
The full faith and credit clause explains reciprocity in licenses and extradition in crimes. |
|
|
Commerce Clause
|
The clause states that the United States Congress shall have power "To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes"
|
|
|
Supremacy Clause
|
The clause establishes the Constitution, Federal Statutes, and U.S. treaties as "the supreme law of the land." The text establishes these as the highest form of law in the American legal system, mandating that state judges uphold them, even if state laws or constitutions conflict.
|
|
|
Elastic Clause
|
The Congress shall have Power - To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.
Also known as: Necessary and Proper Clause, the Basket Clause, the Coefficient Clause, and the Sweeping Clause |
|
|
Summative Assessment
|
Summative assessment provides a description of students' level of attainment upon completion of an activity, module, or course
**Sums up what was learned. |
|
|
Formative Assessment
|
Formative assessment provides diagnostic feedback to students and instructors at short-term intervals (e.g., during a class or on a weekly basis)
**Used to Form learning activities |
|
|
Criterion-referenced Assessment
|
candidates are measured against defined (and objective) criteria
|
|
|
Norm-referenced Assessment
|
This type of assessment is relative to the student body undertaking the assessment. It is effectively a way of comparing students.
|
|
|
Diagnostic Assessment
|
Diagnostic assessment occurs at the beginning of the teaching/learning cycle. This type of assessment will provide the teacher with an understanding of the prior knowledge and skills a student brings to a unit, as well as the strengths and specific learning needs of an individual or groups of students in relation to the expectations that will be taught.
|
|
|
Evaluative Assessment
|
Evaluative assessment provides instructors with curricular feedback (e.g., the value of a field trip or oral presentation technique)
|
