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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the restrictions and possible actions of the toes?
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restrictions- mainly bony
possible actions- flexion, extension, hyperextension, A22, A24 (spreading) |
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General Differences in foot (3):
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1) length of bones- affects jumping, locomotion (ie longer calcaneus would help a dancer)
2) width of foot- affects balance, base of support 3) length of foot- longer (more effecient), shorter (less effecient) |
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What are the two types of metatarsal lengths?
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1) squared- ideal, provides stable base for balance
2) sloped- creates unstable base, contributes to supination |
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What is Morton's Short Toe?
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short 1st metatarsal and/or long 2nd metatarsal
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What kinds of problems would a dancers with Morton's Short Toe experience?
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-unstable balance
-contributes to pronation or supination on demi -callous formation (over head of 2nd metatarsal -possible pain/inflammation -tendency toward ankle sprains |
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What is Hallux Valgus? What are the causes?
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lateral displacement of great toe, often with accompanying varus of 1st metatarsal (distal segment furthur from midline)
causes: walking turned out, habitual pronation, on pointe too soon, too small shoes, etc. |
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What is a Flat Transvese/Metatarsal Arch? What are the causes?
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flattened, widened, forefoot (sometimes with lateral bulge), you can especially see difference from a posterier view
causes: ligamentous laxity, barefoot dancing?, hereditary |
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What is a Hammer Toe? What are the causes?
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hyperextended hallux or toe with flexed 2nd joint (inch worm)
causes: pointe work with poor technique, short shoes |
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What are Claw Toes? What are the causes?
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toes curled in flexion with hyperextended 1st joint (curved over), influences mobility and push off capacity
causes: knuckling on pointe, pointe too soon, short shoes, tight ligaments |
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What is a Tailor's Bunnion? What are the causes?
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Varus of the 5th toe, with valgus of the 5th metatarsal (distal segment towards midline), impacts balance and stability, bunnion forms on outside of 5th metatarsal
causes: tight shoes, habitual supination, walking turned out, sitting cross-legged |
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What are the restrictions and possible actions of the sub-talar (tarsal and metatarsals)?
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restrictions-mainly ligamentous
possible actions- inversion, eversion, forefoot A24, forefoot A22 (pronation, supination are a combination of these actions) |
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What do the arches provide?
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shock absorption
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What are the two arches found in the foot?
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Longitudinal- runs lengthwise on medial/lateral
Transverse- created by doming of metatarsals |
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A Feiss line is an imaginary line used to assess what? Name the bony landmarks used to identify the Feiss line.
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It is used to asses the longitudinal arch.
landmarks: medial malleolus, navicular tuberosity, head of 1st metatarsal -navicular should fall right beloe the Feiss Line |
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What is Pes Planus? What are the causes?
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"flat foot," low longitudinal arch (navicular falls far below Feiss Line), associated with pronation, impacts foot stability, medial bulge
causes: heredity, lax ligaments |
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What is Pes Cavus? What are the causes?
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"high arch," high longitudinal arch, naviclar tuberosity on or above Feiss Line, creates abnormal stress on instep and ball, heavy callous formation on heel/ball of foot, associated with supination
causes: hereditary |
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What is pronation? What are the causes?
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habitual medial thrust, occurs with or without pes planus, Helbing's sign
causes: pes planus, genu varus, genu valgus, overturning, faulty alignment, etc |
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What is a "Helbing's Sign," and what does it indicate?
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medial bow of the Achilles tendon
indicates pronation |
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True/False
A person who has a tendency to habitually pronate will also almost always have a pes planus. |
false
pes planus can be a cause of pronation, but you don't have to have pes planus to be a pronator |
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What is supination?
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lateral weight thrust, inversion, A44
lateral bow of achilles tendon, lateral tipping of calcaneous, associated with pes cavus |
