Public Speaking Exam 1

Front 1

Complex and varied group of people the speaker addresses.

Back 1

audience

Front 2

Considerate of the positions, beliefs, values, and needs of an audience

Back 2

audience centered

Front 3

Means by which the message is conveyed

Back 3

channel

Front 4

Care and concern for others, the thoughtful use of words and language, and the flexibility to see the many sides of an issue.

Back 4

civility

Front 5

Environment or situation in which a speech occurs

Back 5

context

Front 6

Translating words, sounds, and gestures into ideas and feelings in an attempt to understand the message

Back 6

decoding

Front 7

Translating ideas and feelings into words, sounds, and gestures

Back 7

encoding

Front 8

Speaker who considers the moral impact of his or her ideas and arguments on others when involved in the public dialogue.

Back 8

ethical public speaker

Front 9

Verbal and nonverbal signals an audience gives a speaker.

Back 9

feedback

Front 10

Communication among members of a team or a collective about topics such as goals, strategies, and conflict.

Back 10

group communication

Front 11

Communication with other people that ranges from the highly personal to the highly impersonal

Back 11

interpersonal communication

Front 12

Communication with ourselves via the dialogue that goes on in our heads

Back 12

intrapersonal communication

Front 13

Communication generated by media organizations that is designed to reach large audiences.

Back 13

mass communication

Front 14

Information conveyed by the speaker to the audience

Back 14

message

Front 15

Anything that interferes with understanding the message being communicated.

Back 15

noise

Front 16

Communication in which one person gives a speech to other people, most often in a public setting.

Back 16

public communication

Front 17

Ethical and civil exchange of ideas and opinions among communities about topics that affect the public

Back 17

public dialogue

Front 18

Person who stimulates public dialogue by delivering an oral message

Back 18

speaker

Front 19

Speech that acknowledges gratitude, appreciation, and pleasure at receiving an honor or a gift.

Back 19

acceptance speech

Front 20

Positive, motivating statements that replace negative self-talk

Back 20

affirmations

Front 21

An authoritative list, an accepted principle or rule, or an accepted standard of judgment

Back 21

canon

Front 22

Guidelines for ordering the ideas in a speech

Back 22

canon of arrangement

Front 23

Guidelines for managing your voice, gestures, posture, facial expressions, and visual aids as you present your speech.

Back 23

canon of delivery

Front 24

Guidelines for generating effective content for a speech

Back 24

canon of invention

Front 25

Guidelines for the time taken to rehearse a speech and the ways you prompt yourself to remember the speech as you give it.

Back 25

canon of memory

Front 26

Guidelines for using language effectively and appropriately

Back 26

canon of style

Front 27

Process that helps reduce anxiety by replacing negative thoughts with positive ones, called affirmations

Back 27

cognitive restructuring

Front 28

Speech that praises, honors, recognizes, or pays tribute to a person, an event, an idea, or an institution

Back 28

commemorative speech

Front 29

Level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons

Back 29

communication apprehension

Front 30

Speech that communicates knowledge and understanding about a process, an event, a person or place, an object, or a concept

Back 30

informative speech

Front 31

Speech that gives the audience a sense of the unique perspective of the person introduced or welcomes and familiarizes the audience with an event.

Back 31

introductory speech

Front 32

Speech that allows the speaker to enter into a dialogue with an audience to clarify positions, explore issues and ideas, or share beliefs and values

Back 32

invitational speech

Front 33

Speech whose message attempts to change or reinforce an audience’s thoughts, feelings, or actions.

Back 33

persuasive speech

Front 34

Anxiety we feel when we learn we have to give a speech or take a public speaking course.

Back 34

public speaking anxiety (PSA)

Front 35

Speaking to give a presentation to a small collection of individuals or speaking as part of a small group of people

Back 35

small group speaking

Front 36

Apprehension about communicating with others in a particular situation.

Back 36

state, or situational, anxiety

Front 37

Technique for reducing anxiety that involves teaching your body to feel calm and relaxed rather than fearful during your speeches.

Back 37

systematic desensitization

Front 38

Apprehension about communicating with others in any situation

Back 38

trait anxiety

Front 39

Process in which you construct an image of yourself in your mind’s eye giving a successful speech

Back 39

visualization

Front 40

Actions a speaker wants the audience to take at the end of a speech

Back 40

behavioral objectives

Front 41

Process of generating ideas randomly and uncritically, without attention to logic, connections, or relevance

Back 41

brainstorming

Front 42

Speech’s broad goal: to inform, invite, persuade, introduce, commemorate, or accept.

Back 42

general purpose

Front 43

Focused statement that identifies exactly what a speaker wants to accomplish with a speech.

Back 43

specific purpose

Front 44

Subject of your speech.

Back 44

speech topic

Front 45

Statement that summarizes in a single declarative sentence the main proposition, assumption, or argument you want to express in your speech

Back 45

thesis statement

Front 46

General positive or negative feeling a person has about something

Back 46

attitude

Front 47

Complex and varied group of people the speaker addresses

Back 47

audience

Front 48

Acknowledging your audience by considering and listening to the unique, diverse, and common perspectives of its members before, during, and after your speech.

Back 48

audience centered

Front 49

Person’s idea of what is real or true or not

Back 49

belief

Front 50

Question that requires the respondent to choose an answer from two or more alternatives

Back 50

closed-ended question

Front 51

Analysis that identifies the particular population traits of an audience

Back 51

demographic audience analysis

Front 52

Interaction, connection, and exchange of ideas and opinions with others.

Back 52

dialogue

Front 53

Trying to see and understand the world as another person does

Back 53

empathy

Front 54

Belief that our own cultural perspectives, norms, and ways of organizing society are superior to others.

Back 54

ethnocentrism

Front 55

Significant positions occupied by a person within society that affect that person’s identity in almost all social situations.

Back 55

master statuses

Front 56

Question that allows the respondent to answer in an unrestricted way.

Back 56

open-ended question

Front 57

Time and place in which a speaker will speak

Back 57

speaking environment

Front 58

Perspective from which a person views and evaluates society.

Back 58

standpoint

Front 59

Broad generalization about an entire group based on limited knowledge or exposure to only certain members of that group

Back 59

stereotype

Front 60

Person’s idea of what is good, worthy, or important

Back 60

value

Front 61

Brief overview in the introduction of a speech of each of the main points in the speech.

Back 61

preview

Front 62

Question a speaker asks that an audience isn’t supposed to answer out loud but rather in their own minds

Back 62

rhetorical question

Front 63

Concise restatement of the main points at the end of a speech

Back 63

summary

Front 64

Process of arranging points into successive levels, with the points on a specific level having the same weight or value

Back 64

coordination

Front 65

Detailed outline a speaker builds when preparing a speech that includes the title, specific purpose, thesis statement, introduction, main points and subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and source citations of the speech

Back 65

preparation outline

Front 66

Condensed form of a preparation outline, used to help a speaker remember his or her ideas when speaking

Back 66

speaking outline

Front 67

Point in a speech that develops an aspect of a subpoint

Back 67

sub-subpoint

Front 68

Process of ranking ideas in order from the most to the least important

Back 68

subordination

Front 69

Point in a speech that develops an aspect of a main point.

Back 69

subpoint

Front 70

power and influence of public speaking

Back 70

1. civility
2. add to public dialogue
3. ethical public speaking

Front 71

5 types of public speaking?

Back 71

1. intrapersonal
2. interpersonal
3. group
4. mass
5. public

Front 72

How does public speaking create community

Back 72

1.We share ideas & information
2.We consider questions & possibilities
3.We talk about topics that affect us all

Front 73

influence of culture and gender on public speaking

Back 73

Speakers must consider positions, beliefs, values & needs of audiences

Front 74

how is public speaking audience centered?

Back 74

1.Audiences influence message
2.Speakers must consider positions, beliefs, values & needs of audiences
3.Speakers receive feedback from audiences

Front 75

How does public speaking encourage ethical dialogue?

Back 75

1.Sets stage for future discussions
2.Interest in discussing issues
3.Interest in hearing more from audience

Front 76

Why speak publicly.

Back 76

1.Decide to speak on matters of importance
2.Asked to speak about experiences or expertise
3.Required to speak

Front 77

6 general purposes of public speaking

Back 77

1. to invite
2. to inform
3. to persuade
4. to commemorate
5. to accept
6. to introduce

Front 78

type of speech that Communicates knowledge and understanding about a process, an event, a person or place, an object, or a concept

Back 78

informative speech

Front 79

type of speech that aims to explore and understand many sides to an issue

Back 79

invitational speech

Front 80

type of speech that attempts to change or reinforce an audience’s thoughts, feelings or actions

Back 80

persuasive speech

Front 81

type of speech that Presents information about yourself, another person, or an event to an audience

Back 81

introductory speech

Front 82

type of speech that praises, honors, recognizes, or pays tribute to a person, an event, an idea or an institution

Back 82

commemorative speech

Front 83

type of speech that acknowledges your gratitude, appreciation, and pleasure at receiving an honor or a gift

Back 83

acceptance speech

Front 84

canons of rhetoric

Back 84

1. invention
2. arrangement
3. style
4. memory
5. delivery

Front 85

5 ways to reduce nervousness

Back 85

Prepare
Practice
Be realistic
Visualize success
Affirm strengths
Connect with audience

Front 86

three contexts that influence your speaking goals

Back 86

Deciding to speak
Being asked to speak
Being required to speak

Front 87

4 functions of an introduction

Back 87

Catch audience’s attention
Reveal and relate topic
Establish credibility
Preview speech

Front 88

types of introductions

Back 88

Rhetorical questions
Story
Quotation or poem
Demonstration
Startling statement
State importance of topic
Share expertise
State what’s to come

Front 89

goals of conclusion

Back 89

Tip off ending
Reinforce thesis statement
Create closure

Front 90

words or phrases that help transition from one point to the next

Back 90

connectives

Front 91

tips for a preparation outline

Back 91

Divide points into at least two subpoints
Check for balance
Keep audience-centered focus
complete sentences