Psychology Terms Chapter 4

Front 1

Adolescence

Back 1

the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

Front 2

Alzheimer’s disease

Back 2

a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning language, and, finally, physical functioning.

Front 3

Attachment

Back 3

an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.

Front 4

Basic trust

Back 4

according to Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

Front 5

Concrete Operational Stage

Back 5

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.

Front 6

Conservation

Back 6

the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.

Front 7

Crystallized intelligence

Back 7

one’s accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.

Front 8

Developmental Psychology

Back 8

studies physical, cognitive, and social/emotional change throughout the life span.

Front 9

Egocentrism

Back 9

in Piaget’s theory, the inability of the preoperational child to take another’s point of view.

Front 10

Fluid intelligence

Back 10

one’s ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.

Front 11

Formal Operational Stage

Back 11

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.

Front 12

Identity

Back 12

one’s sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.

Front 13

Intimacy

Back 13

in Erikson’s theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.

Front 14

Menopause

Back 14

the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.

Front 15

Object Permanence

Back 15

the awareness that things continue to exit even when not perceived.

Front 16

Preoperational Stage

Back 16

in Piaget’s theory the stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.

Front 17

Sensorimotor Stage

Back 17

in Piaget’s theory, the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

Front 18

Stranger anxiety

Back 18

the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.