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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Negative Correlation |
As one variable increases, the other decreases
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Positive Correlation |
As one variable increases, the other increases |
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No relationship vs Curvilinear |
Both give r=0 Curvilinear actually has a relationship though |
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Types Of Regression |
Linear Multiple |
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Linear Regression |
Assumes that increasing or decreasing one variable changes the value of the other Can look not only at the relationship, but also the r2 |
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Multiple Regression |
Simply means you have more than one predictor So instead of just study time, you would also think that intelligence can influence test performance |
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Experiment |
a study that has at least one IV and one DV |
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IV is also called? |
A factor |
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Types of IV |
Environmental Instructional Invasive |
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Environmental |
Changing something physically in the environment |
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Instructional |
Changing the instructions before a study Participants do the same task, the only difference is the instructions beforehand |
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Invasive |
Changing physical aspects within the participants Examples: Injecting a drug Giving participants sugary drinks |
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How to know iv had an effect |
Compare it to something Another IV Control |
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Subject Variables |
Particular Demographics Any relevant facts about our participants Typical;y, we ask standard demos but may add others depending on what we think matter |
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What Makes A Good Experiment |
1) At least one IV 2) The researcher must have adequate power 3) The experimenter must try to control all extraneous variables |
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What Can Threaten Internal Validity |
- Biased assignment - Differential attrition - History effects - Demand characteristics - Experimenter expectancy effects - Placebo effects |
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One-Way Designs |
-Only one IV is manipulated - Minimum number of conditions is 2 - Experimental vs control - Experimental vs experimental |
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3 Types of Participant Assignment |
Randomized group design (between-subjects) Repeated measures design (within-subjects) Matched-subjects design |
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Randomized Group Designs |
Between-subjects design We examine behaviors between different conditions Conditions are based on how many ways you manipulate the IV Test each participant only once |
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Repeated Measures Design |
Within-SubjectsDesign Interested in examining differences in behavior over time Each participant is measured two or more times after the IV |
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Order effects |
Fatigue Practice effects |
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Counterbalancing |
Helps counteract order effects If you have more than 2 DV's you need to create every order possible Randomizing order over computer is another way that tends to be easier |
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Matched Subjects Design |
A design in which participants are matched based on particular variable and then put into conditions |
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Factorial Designs |
When two or more IVs are manipulated |
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Mixed Factorial Design |
Participants have within and between measures |
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Quasi-experimental designs |
Pretest-posttest designs Time series designs Longitudinal Designs |
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Quasi-Experiments |
An experiment is considered quasi when The researcher is not able to randomly assign participants to conditions or The researcher is unable to manipulate the variable of interest |
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Pretest-Posttest |
These type of designs allow us to have multiple measurements of the dependent variable Tests before and after IV Tells us how much the IV changed the DV |
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Simple interrupted Time Series |
Measure the DV multiple times before and after the IV happens |
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Control Group Interrupted Time Series |
Measure multiple groups, multiple times before and after the IV |
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Longitudinal Designs |
Used to examine developmental effects Used to evaluate programs to see if they have long-term impact to its participants |
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Longitudinal vs Cross-sectional |
Longitudinal uses the same people over time
Cross-Sectional compares different groups of people at different ages |
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Cross-sequential cohort design |
Different groups of people at different ages over time |
