1. What is a reversal design? Why is an ABAB design superior to an ABA design?
a. The reversal design is a single case design in which the treatment is introduced after a baseline period and then withdrawn during a second baseline period. (Page 222)
b. The ABAB design is superior because a single reversal is not extremely powerful evidence for the effectiveness of the treatment because the reversal in behavior might have come because of random fluctuations. It is also may not be ethical to end the design with the withdrawal of a treatment that may be very beneficial for the participant. (Pages 222-223)
2. What is meant by baseline in a single-case design?
a. The baseline in a single case design refers to the subject’s behavior during a control …show more content…
In a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, nonequivalent control and experimental groups are used, but a pretest allows assessment of equivalency and pretest-posttest changes. (Page 231)
b. This is considered a quasi-experimental design because unlike in true experimental designs, the assignment to the two groups are not assigned randomly and may not be equivalent. (Page 225, 231)
8. Describe the interrupted time series and the control series designs. What are the strengths of the control series design as compared with the interrupted time series design?
a. An interrupted time series design is a design in which the effectiveness of a treatment is determined by examining a series of measurements made over an extended time period both before and after the treatment is introduced. A control series design is similar to an interrupted time series design, except that in this type of design there is a comparison or control group. (Page 232-233)
b. The strength of the control series design is that a control group enables us to make stronger conclusions on the effects of a treatment because on the dependent variable we can rule out confounding factors and alternative explanations. (Page 233)
9. Distinguish between longitudinal, cross-sectional, and sequential
a. The reversal design is a single case design in which the treatment is introduced after a baseline period and then withdrawn during a second baseline period. (Page 222)
b. The ABAB design is superior because a single reversal is not extremely powerful evidence for the effectiveness of the treatment because the reversal in behavior might have come because of random fluctuations. It is also may not be ethical to end the design with the withdrawal of a treatment that may be very beneficial for the participant. (Pages 222-223)
2. What is meant by baseline in a single-case design?
a. The baseline in a single case design refers to the subject’s behavior during a control …show more content…
In a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, nonequivalent control and experimental groups are used, but a pretest allows assessment of equivalency and pretest-posttest changes. (Page 231)
b. This is considered a quasi-experimental design because unlike in true experimental designs, the assignment to the two groups are not assigned randomly and may not be equivalent. (Page 225, 231)
8. Describe the interrupted time series and the control series designs. What are the strengths of the control series design as compared with the interrupted time series design?
a. An interrupted time series design is a design in which the effectiveness of a treatment is determined by examining a series of measurements made over an extended time period both before and after the treatment is introduced. A control series design is similar to an interrupted time series design, except that in this type of design there is a comparison or control group. (Page 232-233)
b. The strength of the control series design is that a control group enables us to make stronger conclusions on the effects of a treatment because on the dependent variable we can rule out confounding factors and alternative explanations. (Page 233)
9. Distinguish between longitudinal, cross-sectional, and sequential