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28 Cards in this Set
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Privileges and Limitations What are the eligibility requirements for a Commercial Pilot (airplane) Certificate? (14 CFR 61.123) |
a. Be at least 18 years of age. b. Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. c. Hold at least a private pilot certificate. d. Hold at least a current Third Class Medical Certificate. e. Received the required ground and flight training endorsements. f. Pass the required knowledge and practical tests. g. Meet the aeronautical experience requirements. |
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What are the aeronautical experience requirements for a Commercial Pilot Certificate? (14 CFR 61.129) |
250-100/50-100/50/50-20-10-10-5 A person who applies for a Commercial Pilot Certificate with an airplane category and single-engine class rating must log at least 250 hours of flight time as a pilot that consists of at least: a. 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 hours must be in airplanes. b. 100 hours of PIC flight time, which includes at least: • 50 hours in airplanes. 50 hours in cross-country flight of which 10 hours must be in airplanes. c. 20 hours of training on the areas of training listed in $61.127(b)(1) that includes at least 10 hours of instrument training. Five of the 10 hours of instrument training must be in a single-engine airplane. d. 10 hours of training in a complex, turbine-powered, or technically advanced airplane (TAA), or any combination thereof. e. 10 hours of solo flight time in a single-engine airplane or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of PIC in a single-engine airplane with an authorized instructor on board that include: One cross-country flight of not less than 300 NM total distance. • 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings at an airport with an operating control |
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What privileges apply to a commercial pilot? |
a. Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire. b. For compensation or hire. |
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Explain the difference between your commercial pilot privileges and the operational authority required to conduct a flight for compensation or hire. |
Must conduct operations in accordance with air carrier operations Part 119 |
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What does the term commercial operator refer to? |
A commercial operator is a person who, for compensation or hire, carries persons or property. Where it is doubtful that an operation is for "compensation or hire," the test applied is whether the carriage by air is merely incidental to the person's other business or is, in itself, a major enterprise for profit. |
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Would being both the pilot and the provider of an aircraft to someone for compensation or hire require the pilot to also be in possession of a Part 119 operating certificate? |
Generally, if you are being compensated for providing a service to another person and have operational control of the aircraft in which that service is provided, you are required to have been issued an operating certificate to conduct that operation under Part 135, or Parts 121 or 125 if larger aircraft and more complex operations are involved. |
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Define the term operational control. |
"with respect to a flight, means the exercise of authority over initiating, conducting or terminating a flight." Operational control involves three basic areas: flight crew, aircraft, and flight |
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What is common carriage? |
Common carriage refers to the carrying of passengers or cargo as a result of advertising the availability of the carriage to the public. A carrier becomes a common carrier when it "holds itself out" to the public, as willing to furnish transportation within the limits of its facilities to any person who wants it. There are four elements in defining a common carrier: a. A holding out or a willingness, b. to transport persons or property, c. from place to place, d. for compensation or |
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What actions by a pilot would constitute holding out? |
Situation dependent. But Basically any kind of advertising in any form raises the question of holding out. |
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What are examples of factors that the FAA would consider in determining whether an operator is holding out? (AC 61-142) |
Print Publication- advertising in newspapers, magazines, etc. Agents/ agencies- individuals who may obtain passenger traffic from the general public and collect them in groups to be carried by the operator Website- posting a flight on a website accessible to the general public Social media- Internet- Personal solicitation- physically holding out without advertising. Email- sending emails to everyone Apps- the use of apps on mobile devices to advertise flights for cost sharing is considered holding out 61.113
PAWS I PEA |
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Are there commercial operations that a commercial pilot could conduct that do not require the issuance of a Part 119 certificate? (14 CFR Part 119.1) |
Firefighting Ferrying Crop dusting Carrying persons for parachute jumps Carriage of candidates in elections Banner towing Aerial photography Non-stop commercial air tours Pipeline patrol Emergency mail service |
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What are the three types of operations that require a Part 119 certificate? (14 CFR 119.5) |
a. Operations as a direct air carrier. b. Operations as a U.S. commercial operator. c. Operations when common carriage is not involved as an operator of U.S. registered civil airplanes with a seat configuration of 20 or more passengers or a maximum payload capacity of 6,000 pounds or more (Part 125). |
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What are the two basic types of certificates issued to applicants under Part 119? (14 CFR 119.5, Order |
a. Air Carrier Certificate- interstate, foreign, or overseas transportation, or to carry mail. b. Operating Certificate- this certificate is issued to applicants who plan to conduct intrastate common carriage operations and certain applicants who do not conduct common carriage operations (i.e., Part 125 private carriage operations). See 14 CFR $119.5 and Order 8900.1 Volume 2, Chapter 2, Section |
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What are the four types of operations that do not involve common carriage? (14 CFR 110.2, 119.3) |
14 CF $119.3 defines operations not involving common carriage to mean any of the following; a. Non-common carriage. b. Operations in which persons or cargo are transported without compensation or hire. c. Operations not involving the transportation of persons or cargo. d. Private carriage. |
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Define the terms non-common carriage and private carriage. (Order 8900.1 Vol. 2, Ch. 2-127) |
Non-common carriage-_-involves the carriage of persons or property for compensation or hire, but there is no holding out. Non-common carriage operations require the issuance of an Operating Certificate. Operations are conducted under Parts 125 or 135, depending on the type of aircraft, seating configuration, and payload capacity. Private carriage--involves the carriage of persons or property for compensation or hire with limitations on the number of contracts. The carriage of persons or property for compensation or hire under a contractual business arrangement between the operator and another person or organization, which did not result from the operator's holding out or offering service, is considered to be private carriage. Private carriage operations require the issuance of an Operating Certificate. Operations are conducted under Parts 125 or 135, depending on the type of aircraft, seating configuration, and payload capacity |
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What are several examples of non-common carriage operations that involve the transportation of persons or property and may involve compensation, but are conducted under Part 91? (14 CFR 91.501) |
A. Flights conducted by the operator of an airplane for the operator's own personal transportation, or the transportation of guests. b. Carriage of company officials, employees, and guests on an airplane operated under a time sharing, interchange, or joint ownership agreement. c. Carriage of property (except mail) incidental to business (limited compensation for expenses). d. Carriage of a group (with common purpose) when there is no charge, assessment, or fee. E. Fractional ownership. |
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What is the difference between a wet lease and a dry lease? |
Wet lease- where a person agrees to provide the aircraft and at least one crew member. Dry lease- leasing just the aircraft with no crew |
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Why is it important to understand the difference between a wet lease and a dry lease? (AC 91-37) |
The regulations that govern an aircraft's operation will be different depending on whether it is a wet or dry lease. With certain exceptions, a wet lease agreement is required to have an Air Carrier Certificate and conduct operations under Parts 121 or 135 regulations. When operating under a dry lease, the lessee is not required to have an Air Carrier Certificate and may operate under the less restrictive Part 91 regulations. |
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Briefly describe the following regulations: 14 CFR Part 91 Subpart F, 119, 121, 125, and 135. |
Part 91 Subpart F- generally, corporate operations not involving common carriage are governed by Part 91, Subpart F. Part 119-consolidates the certification and operations specifications (ops specs) requirements for persons who operate in common carriage under Parts 121 and 135. Part 119 also lists operations that do not require an Air Carrier or Commercial Operating Certificate. Part 121-establishes the regulations for air carriers flying for compensation or hire. Part 121 operations require issuance of an Air Carrier Certificate and associated ops specs. Part 125 establishes a uniform set of certification and operational rules for large airplanes having a seating capacity of 20 or more passengers or a maximum payload capacity of 6,000pounds or more, when common carriage is not involved. These rules substantially upgrade the level of safety applicable to large airplanes formerly operated under Part 91, Part 135- governs commuter or on-demand operations; requires issuance of an Air Carrier or Operating Certificate and associated ops specs. |
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If a pilot certificate is accidentally lost or destroyed, a pilot could continue to exercise the privileges of that certificate provided he/she follows what specific procedure? (14 CFR 61.29) |
-An application for the replacement of a lost or destroyed airman certificate is made to the FAA, or airmen services online -Get a temp certificate good for 60 days |
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What is the definition of a complex airplane? |
RG, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or FADEC (full authority digital engine control) |
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When would a commercial pilot be required to hold a type rating? (14 CFR 61.31) |
According to 14 CFR $61.31, a person who acts as a PIC of any of the following aircraft must hold a type rating for that aircraft: a. Large aircraft (gross weight over 12,500 pounds, except lighter-than-air). b. Turbojet-powered airplanes. c. Other aircraft specified by the Administrator through aircraft Type Certificate procedures. |
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With respect to certification, privileges, and limitations of airmen, define the terms category, class, and type. (14 CFR Part 1) |
Category--a broad classification of aircraft (e.g., airplane, rotorcraft, glider, etc.) Class--a classification of aircraft within a category having similar operating characteristics (e.g., single-engine land, multi-engine land, etc.) Type--a specific make and basic model of aircraft including modifications that do not change its handling or flight characteristics (e.g., DC-9, B-737, etc.) |
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36. When may a commercial pilot log flight time as second- in-command time? (14 CFR 61.51) |
a. Is qualified according to the second-in-command requirements of 61.55, and occupies a crewmember station in an aircraft that requires more than one pilot by the aircraft's Type Certificate; or b. Holds the appropriate category, class, and instrument rating (if an instrument rating is required for the flight) for the aircraft being flown, and more than one pilot is required under the type certification of the aircraft or the regulations under which the flight is being conducted. |
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You are currently en route to your destination and the sun has set. When can you begin logging flight time as night flight time? (14 CFR Part |
Night is defined as the time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight |
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What are the requirements to remain current as a commercial pilot? (14 CFR 61.56, |
-flight review 24 calendar months -3 T/O and landing in the preceding 90 days. Full stops for night and tail wheel |
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4. As a commercial pilot, you obtain a job flying freight at night. Does your night currency count towards your |
(14 CFR 61.57) Yes, provided that the landings at night were accomplished (within the preceding 90 days) in the same category, class and type (if a type rating is required) of the aircraft you will fly during the |
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As a flight crewmember, you discover you have high blood pressure. You are in possession of a current Medical Certificate. Can you continue to exercise the privileges of your certificate? (14 CFR 61.53) |
No; the regulations prohibit a pilot who possesses a current Medical Certificate from performing crewmember duties while the pilot has a known medical condition or an increase of a known medical condition that would make the pilot unable to meet the standards for the Medical Certificate. Consult an AME before flying again. |
