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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Membrane potential |
Difference in electrical charge between inside and outside of cell |
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Intracellular fluid |
Located inside the neuron |
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Extra cellular fluid |
Located outside of the neuron |
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Electrode |
A conductive medium that can be used to apply electrical stimulation and record electrical potentials |
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Microelectrode |
Fine electrode used for recording individual neurons |
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Oscilloscope |
A laboratory instrument that is capable of displaying a graph of voltage as a function of time |
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What is the resting membrane potential? |
about 70 millivolts |
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Difference between cations and anions |
cations are positively charged, anions are negatively charged |
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What is an example of extra cellular fluid? |
sodium, chloride |
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What is an example of intercellular fluid |
potassium |
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what does random motion mean |
particles tend to move down in concentration |
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electrostatic pressure |
opposites attract |
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what are factors that counteract homogenizing effects? |
differential permeability of the cell membrane (passive) and sodium-potassium pump (active) |
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what is post-synaptic potential? |
changes in the membrane potential of a post-synaptic neuron produced by the release of a neurotransmitter from the pre-synaptic membrane and it’s subsequent binding to the post-synaptic membrane |
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pre-synaptic membrane |
the membrane of the terminal button that lies adjacent to the post-synaptic membrane and through which the neurotransmitter is released |
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post-synaptic membrane |
the membrane located on the dendrite of the neuron that receives information |
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what do neurotransmitters do |
neurotransmitters bind in the post-synaptic membrane and cause electric changes in the resting potential |
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depolarization |
making the membrane less negative |
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hyperpolarization |
making the membrane more negative |
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(Ch. 3) What are the lobes of cerebral cortex |
frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital |
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what are the major fissures |
lateral fissures, central fissures, longitudinal fissures |
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motor cortex |
the posterior aspect of the frontal lobe that controls voluntary movements. left controls right, right controls left |
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sensory cortex |
anterior aspect of parietal lobe that registers and processes body sensations. left hemisphere receives signals from the right side of the body, right hemisphere receives signals from the left side of the body |
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homunculus |
the size is proportionate to the amount of cortex devoted to the part of the body |
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frontal lobe |
motor planning and execution, speech production, planning, motivation, judgement |
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temporal lobe |
hearing, primary auditory cortex, memory, language comprehension |
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parietal lobe |
sense of touch, processing of spatial and numerical information |
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occipital lobe |
vision |
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white matter tracts |
connect different brain regions. three types. association tracts, considered and projection tracts. |
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association tracts |
short association (close to one another), long association (distal regions within the same hemisphere) |
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commissures |
corpus callosum (largest), anterior commissure, posterior commissure |
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projection tract |
corona radiata information highway deep within the brain |
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functional systems/networks |
limbic system, basal ganglia |
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limbic system |
structured composing the system are often debated, emotional centre of the brain, memory, olfaction, no one-to-one structure-function relationships have been strongly established |
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primary structures of the limbic system |
amygdala (almond shaped structures on left and right, fear), hippocampus (curves back from amygdala, memory), mammillary bodies (general region of hypothalamus, memory) |
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basal ganglia |
collection of nuclei connected to the motor cortex via the thalamus |
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what is the basal ganglia composed of |
caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra |
