Phil Ch 8 3Rd Test

Front 1

Subjective relativism

Back 1

opinion, true based on the individual subject

Front 2

Objective truth

Back 2

universally truth, something that holds to every on as a truth

Front 3

Objective truth

Back 3

factual true

Front 4

Ethical objectivism

Back 4

are objective moral standards/truths

Front 5

Ethical relativism

Back 5

denies that there are any objective oral values

Front 6

two types of ethical relativism

Back 6

1) subjective relativism
2) cultural relativism

Front 7

Subjective Relativism
(ethical subjectivism)

Back 7

moral clams have to be assessed in relation to the individual

Front 8

Cultural relativism

Back 8

moral clams have to assessed in relation to a particular society
an individual can be mistaken if they are out of the culture/society's view of the moral view

Front 9

Subjectivism
(subjective relativism,ethical subjectivism)

Back 9

believe that everyone is right all the time
"an act is right if and only if one is sincerely believes it to be right"

Front 10

Concerns for subjectivism
(problems)

Back 10

1) if subjectivism is true it leave no room for moral debate, is based on personal opinion, no room for debate because it is an opinion.
2) Reduces morality to matters of taste
3) Entails moral infallibility,says can not be morally mistaken, if one believes what he is saying.

Front 11

Subjective relativism

Back 11

holds that moral claims have to be assessed in relation to an individual

Front 12

Cultural relativists

Back 12

holds that moral claims have to be assessed in relation to a particular culture, admit that individual persons can be mistaken about their moral judgments.

Front 13

Moral intuitions

Back 13

when actions appear to be morally good or morally wrong

Front 14

Moral principles

Back 14

are general rules that allow us to classify any action as morally good or morally wrong.

Front 15

Problems with cultural relativism

Back 15

1) no culture has the right to assert that their cultural practices are superior to those of any other.
2) cannot explain the influence of moral critics.

Front 16

Subjective relativism

Back 16

opinion, true based on the individual subject

Front 17

Objective truth

Back 17

universally truth, something that holds to every on as a truth

Front 18

Objective truth

Back 18

factual true

Front 19

Ethical objectivism

Back 19

are objective moral standards/truths

Front 20

Ethical relativism

Back 20

denies that there are any objective oral values

Front 21

two types of ethical relativism

Back 21

1) subjective relativism
2) cultural relativism

Front 22

Subjective Relativism
(ethical subjectivism)

Back 22

moral clams have to be assessed in relation to the individual

Front 23

Cultural relativism

Back 23

moral clams have to assessed in relation to a particular society
an individual can be mistaken if they are out of the culture/society's view of the moral view

Front 24

Subjectivism
(subjective relativism,ethical subjectivism)

Back 24

believe that everyone is right all the time
"an act is right if and only if one is sincerely believes it to be right"

Front 25

Concerns for subjectivism
(problems)

Back 25

1) if subjectivism is true it leave no room for moral debate, is based on personal opinion, no room for debate because it is an opinion.
2) Reduces morality to matters of taste
3) Entails moral infallibility,says can not be morally mistaken, if one believes what he is saying.

Front 26

Subjective relativism

Back 26

holds that moral claims have to be assessed in relation to an individual

Front 27

Cultural relativists

Back 27

holds that moral claims have to be assessed in relation to a particular culture, admit that individual persons can be mistaken about their moral judgments.

Front 28

Moral intuitions

Back 28

when actions appear to be morally good or morally wrong

Front 29

Moral principles

Back 29

are general rules that allow us to classify any action as morally good or morally wrong.

Front 30

Problems with cultural relativism

Back 30

1) no culture has the right to assert that their cultural practices are superior to those of any other.
2) cannot explain the influence of moral critics.
3) support their position by pointing to the great variety of moral code that can be found across different cultures.

Front 31

Ethno centrism

Back 31

culture is right no one else is correct

Front 32

reasons cultural realism can be attractive

Back 32

1)
2) environment plays a big roll in who we become

Front 33

Concerns for Cultural realism

Back 33

1) does not necessarily advance cooperation among cultures
2) cannot explain the influence of moral critics.

Front 34

Moral Critic

Back 34

is critical of their society, going against the grain, change things for the better.
(Jesus, Martin Luther King, ect would have been considered wrong for their time, but brought about positive change in society)
3) tolerance

Front 35

Anthropological arguments

Back 35

1) different cultures live according to very different moral standards
2) if there were any universal moral standard that holds for all cultures, than different cultures would live according to similar moral standards.

Front 36

Divine Command Theory
(religion based)

Back 36

an act is right if is in harmony with God's commands
an act is wrong if it goes against God's will

Front 37

Theistic views of God are

Back 37

omnipotent
omniscient
omni benevolent

Front 38

Omnipotent

Back 38

all powerful

Front 39

Omniscient

Back 39

all knowing

Front 40

Omni benevolent

Back 40

all good

Front 41

Abranamic Religions

Back 41

Islam
Christianity
Judaism

Front 42

If there is no God than

Back 42

everything is permitted

Front 43

Religion is not necessary to morality, but morality is necessary to Religion

Back 43

if basing morality on the one of the 3 major religions, your morals are basically stable, making it easier to deal with your problems

Front 44

Concerns with the Divine command Theory

Back 44

1) how do we know these commands are (epistemic problems)
2) interpretation
3) does this view make morality arbitrary

Front 45

"morality right" is same thing as

Back 45

Commanded by God

Front 46

Utilitarianism

Back 46

consequence based theory
Motive, act, consequences
the consequences are the result that the what they are looking for.

Front 47

Utilitarianism
a kind of consequentialism

Back 47

1) human happiness is the ultimate moral good
2) actions should be assessed in the light of their consequences

Front 48

Fathers of utilitarianism both were British

Back 48

Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill

Front 49

The Greatest Happiness principle
(the idea applies to the moral theory)

Back 49

"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness: wrong as they end to produce the reverse of happiness"

Front 50

Utilitarianism's Moto

Back 50

Maximize happiness Minimize suffering

Front 51

Divine Command Theory
(religion based)

Back 51

an act is right if is in harmony with God's commands
an act is wrong if it goes against God's will

Front 52

Theistic views of God are

Back 52

omnipotent
omniscient
omni benevolent

Front 53

Omnipotent

Back 53

all powerful

Front 54

Omniscient

Back 54

all knowing

Front 55

Omni benevolent

Back 55

all good

Front 56

Abranamic Religions

Back 56

Islam
Christianity
Judaism

Front 57

If there is no God than

Back 57

everything is permitted

Front 58

Religion is not necessary to morality, but morality is necessary to Religion

Back 58

if basing morality on the one of the 3 major religions, your morals are basically stable, making it easier to deal with your problems

Front 59

Concerns with the Divine command Theory

Back 59

1) how do we know these commands are (epistemic problems)
2) interpretation
3) does this view make morality arbitrary

Front 60

"morality right" is same thing as

Back 60

Commanded by God

Front 61

Utilitarianism

Back 61

consequence based theory
Motive, act, consequences
the consequences are the result that the what they are looking for.

Front 62

Utilitarianism
a kind of consequentialism

Back 62

1) human happiness is the ultimate moral good
2) actions should be assessed in the light of their consequences

Front 63

Fathers of utilitarianism both were British

Back 63

Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill

Front 64

The Greatest Happiness principle
(the idea applies to the moral theory)

Back 64

"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness: wrong as they end to produce the reverse of happiness"
" when we ought to do, in maximizing happiness it is all concerned that will be effected by the action of the person"

Front 65

Utilitarianism's Moto

Back 65

Maximize happiness Minimize suffering

Front 66

Divine Command Theory
(religion based)

Back 66

an act is right if is in harmony with God's commands
an act is wrong if it goes against God's will

Front 67

Theistic views of God are

Back 67

omnipotent
omniscient
omni benevolent

Front 68

Omnipotent

Back 68

all powerful

Front 69

Omniscient

Back 69

all knowing

Front 70

Omni benevolent

Back 70

all good

Front 71

Abranamic Religions

Back 71

Islam
Christianity
Judaism

Front 72

If there is no God than

Back 72

everything is permitted

Front 73

Religion is not necessary to morality, but morality is necessary to Religion

Back 73

if basing morality on the one of the 3 major religions, your morals are basically stable, making it easier to deal with your problems

Front 74

Concerns with the Divine command Theory

Back 74

1) how do we know these commands are (epistemic problems)
2) interpretation
3) does this view make morality arbitrary

Front 75

"morality right" is same thing as

Back 75

Commanded by God

Front 76

Utilitarianism

Back 76

consequence based theory
Motive, act, consequences
the consequences are the result that the what they are looking for.

Front 77

Utilitarianism
a kind of consequentialism

Back 77

1) human happiness is the ultimate moral good
2) actions should be assessed in the light of their consequences

Front 78

Fathers of utilitarianism both were British

Back 78

Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill

Front 79

The Greatest Happiness principle
(the idea applies to the moral theory)

Back 79

"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness: wrong as they end to produce the reverse of happiness"
" when we ought to do, in maximizing happiness it is all concerned that will be effected by the action of the person"

Front 80

Utilitarianism's Moto

Back 80

Maximize happiness Minimize suffering

Front 81

Hedonism (Epicureanism)
(will be on test)

Back 81

Pleasure is the only thing that is intrinsically good
(intrinsically good means:can never be bad, and is good in its self

Front 82

Intrinsic good
VS
Instrumental good
(the way Hedonist would say it)

Back 82

Intrinsic good=good in itself

Instrumental good=not good in itself but tends to lead to intrinsic good

Front 83

Intrinsic Good

Back 83

Good in itself
Example" pleasure, enjoyment"

Front 84

Instrumental Good

Back 84

not good in itself, but tends to lead to good
Example"money"

Front 85

Money is only valuable for

Back 85

what it can get, and what it can lead to
money is the best example for what it can do in it self, not what it can do by itself

Front 86

Mill-"Harm principle"

Back 86

the only reason for the government is to protect people from harm, Gov. does not have a right to interfere in our personal affairs unless someone is in harm
Physical or mental harm

Front 87

Mills=higher pleasures

Back 87

Higher is more valuable than lower pleasures only human's can have, inter-lectural, completing a complex task

Front 88

Mills=Lower Physical gratification

Back 88

response to Bentham is: you would rather be a happy pig or some what happier human, with the chance of a greater happiness.

Front 89

Jeremy Benthan was now as/for

Back 89

Hedonic Calculus, pig philosophy and quantitative ( mathematical way of determining an outcome, that would tell us morally which way to go)

Front 90

Obligatory acts

Back 90

an required act,
example: paying taxes

Front 91

Morally obligatory act

Back 91

an act required by your moral structure/bases

Front 92

Supererogatory act

Back 92

is not required, not neutral either. Optional but would be nice. Doing more than what would be required.