Pharm- Ans Drugs

Front 1

What is the mechanism of action of Hemicholonium?

Back 1

blocks choline uptake, limiting Ach production

Front 2

What is the mechanism of action of Vesamicol?

Back 2

blocks Ach storage

Front 3

What is the mechanism of action of Botox?

Back 3

Blocks ACh release

Front 4

What is the mechanism of reserpine?

Back 4

blocks dopamine storage

Front 5

What is the mechanism of action of Cocaine?

Back 5

blocks reuptake of NE

Front 6

What is the mechanism of action of TCAs?

Back 6

blocks reuptake of NE

Front 7

What is the mechanism of action of Guanethidine?

Back 7

blocks NE release

Front 8

What is the mechanims of action of Amphetamines?

Back 8

increases NE release

Front 9

What is the mechanism of Bethanechol?

Back 9

Cholinomimetic- direct agonist
Activates Bowel and Bladder smooth muscle; resistant to AChE

Postop and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention

Front 10

What is the mechanism of action of Carbachol (pilocarpine)

Back 10

Cholinomimetic- direct agonist
Activates ciliary muscle of ey (open angel), pupillary sphincter (narrow angle); resistant to AChE

Glaucoma

Front 11

What is the mechanism of action of neostigmine?

Back 11

Anticholinesterase- increases endogenous ACh

Postop and neurogenic ileus; urinary retention, MG, reversal of NMJ block

Front 12

What is the mechanism of action of Pyridostigmine?

Back 12

anticholinesterase- increase in endogenous ACh, strength

MG

Front 13

What is the mechanism of action of Edrophonium?

Back 13

AntiAChE
Short acting- diagnosing MG

Front 14

What is the mechanism of Physostigmine?

Back 14

AntiAChE
glaucoma (crosses BBB-> CNS)
atropine overdose

Front 15

What is the mechanism of Echothiophate?

Back 15

AntiAChE
glaucoma

Front 16

What are the symptoms of AChE ihibitor poisoning?

Back 16

SLUD
Salivating
Lacrimation
Urination
Diarrhea

DUMBBELSS
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation

Giver atropine and pralidoxime (regens cholinesterase)

Front 17

What is the mechanism of atropine?

Back 17

Cholinorecptor blocker
used on the eye to produce mydriasis and cycloplegia

Homatropine/tropicamide also

Front 18

What is the mechanism of benzotropine?

Back 18

Cholinoreceptor blocker
used in the CNS
Parkinsons

Front 19

What is the mechanism of scopolamine?

Back 19

Cholinoreceptor blocker
used in the CNS
Motion sickeness

Front 20

What is the mechanism of Ipratropium?

Back 20

Cholinoreceptor blocker
used for respiratory
ashtma, COPD

Front 21

What is the mechanism of Methscopolamine?

Back 21

ACh blocker
GU system
reduce urgency in mild cystitis, reduce bladder spasms.

Front 22

What are the systemic effects of atropine?

Back 22

Eye- pupil dilation, cycloplegia
Airway- decreased secretions
Stomach- decreased acid secretion
Gut- decreased motility
Bladder- decreased urgency

Toxicity-
Hot as a stove
Dry as a bone- dry mouth
Red as a beet- dry, flushed skin
Blind as a bat- cycloplegia
Mad as a hatter- disorientation

Can cause glaucoma, urinary retention, hyperthermia in infants

Front 23

What is the mechanims of Hexamethonium?

Back 23

nAChR antagonist
Ganglionic blocker. prevents vagal reflex responses to changes in blood pressure.- prevents reflex bradycardia caused by NE.

Front 24

What receptors does epinephrine act on?

Back 24

alpha1,2 and B1,2
used for anaphylaxis, glaucoma, asthma, hypotension

Front 25

What receptors does NE act on?

Back 25

alpha1,2, B1
used in hypotension, but decreases renal perfusion.

Front 26

What is the mechanism of action of Isoproterenol?

Back 26

agonist of B1,2 receptors; used for AV block

Front 27

What receptors does Dopamine act on?

Back 27

D1,3>B>alpha
Sochk to increase renal perfusion, heart failure

Front 28

What is the mechanism of action of Dobutamine?

Back 28

acts on B1>B2 receptors
Shock, heart failure

Front 29

What is the mechanism of apmhetamine?

Back 29

Indirect general agonist, releases sotred catacholamines
Used for narcolepsy, obesity, ADD

Front 30

What is the mechanism of Ephedrine?

Back 30

Inderect general agonist, releases stored catecholamines
Used for nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension

Front 31

What is the mechanism of Phenylephrine?

Back 31

works on Alpha1>alpha2
Pupil dilator, vasoconstriction, nasal decongestion

Front 32

What is the mechanism of albuterol, terbulatine

Back 32

B2>B1
asthma

Front 33

Wha tis the mechanism of cocaine?

Back 33

inderect general agonist, NE uptake inhibitor
Causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia

Front 34

What is the mechanims of clonidine?

Back 34

Centrally actin galpha agonist, decreases central adrenergic flow.
like alpha methyl-dopa
for Hypertension, espeically in reanl disease (no decreased flow to kidney)

Front 35

What are the effects of NE on BP and HR?

Back 35

Increase in systolic, mean and diastolic bp
decrease in HR (reflex bradycardia)

Front 36

What are the effects of epi on BP and HR?

Back 36

Increase in systolic, no change in mean, decrease in diastolic
Increase in HR

Front 37

What are the effects of Isoproterenol on BP and HR?

Back 37

decrease in systolic (after a slight increase)
drop in mean and diastolic
Increase in HR

Front 38

What is the mechanism of phenoxybenzamine?

Back 38

irreversible alpha blocker
used for pheos
can cause orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachy

Front 39

What is the mechanism of phentolamine?

Back 39

Reversible alpha blocker
used for pheos
can cause orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachy

Front 40

What is the mechanism of Prazosin?

Back 40

alpha1 blocker
for Hypertension, BPH
can cause 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache

Front 41

What is the mechanism of Terazosin?

Back 41

alpha1 blocker
for Hypertension, BPH
can cause 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache

Front 42

What is the mechanims of doxazosin?

Back 42

alpha1 blocker
for Hypertension, BPH
can cause 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache

Front 43

What is the mechanism of Mirtaazapine?

Back 43

Alpha2 blocker, for depression.
can cause sedation, increased serum cholesterol, and increased appetite

Front 44

What happens with an alpha blockade when Epi is administered vs. when phenylephrine is administered?

Back 44

with epi, you go from a pressor to a depressor

with phenylephrine you lose all pressure effect.

Front 45

Which B-blockers are B1 selective?

Back 45

A BEAM of Blockers
Acebutolol
Betaxolol
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol

Front 46

What are B-blockers used for?

Back 46

Decreased CO and renin, for hypertension

Decreased HR and contractility, decreased O2 need; for Angina

Decrease mortality after an MI

Decreased AV conduction for SVT (propanolol, esmolol)

Slows failure for CHF

Decrease secretion of aqueous humor

Front 47

What are the SEs of B-blockers?

Back 47

Impotence
exacerbates asthma
CNS adverse effects (sedation, sleep alterations,)
Caution for diabetics

Front 48

What is mechanism of epinephrine in glaucoma Rx?

Back 48

increases the outflow of aqueous humor
SE-mydriasis, stinging; not for closed angle

Front 49

What is the mechanism of Brimonidine in glaucoma?

Back 49

Alpha agonist
Decreases synth of aqueous humor

Front 50

What is the mechanism of B-blockers in glaucoma?

Back 50

decrease in aqueous humor secretion

Front 51

What is the role of diuretics in glaucoma? (acetazolamide)

Back 51

Decrease in aqueous humor secretion from decreased HCO3. Inhibs carbonic anhydrase

Front 52

What is the role of cholinomimetics in glaucoma

Back 52

Increase the outflow of aqueous humor. contract ciliary muscle and open trabecular meshwork
SE- Miosis, cyclospasm

Front 53

What is the role of prostaglandins (Latanoprost) in glaucoma?

Back 53

increase in outflow of aqueous humor
SE- Darkens the color of the iris