Phar 641 Antibiotics Terminology

Front 1

This selectively kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms at low concentrations

Back 1

chemotherapy

Front 2

This is a nonpathogenic organism typically populating surfaces of the body

Back 2

normal flora

Front 3

These are organisms that cause overt disease in the host

Back 3

pathogen

Front 4

This type of agent is primarily used to kill or inhibit the growth of organisms but is too toxic to use systemically

Back 4

anti-infective agents

Front 5

This type of agent is used locally or systemically to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms

Back 5

antimicrobial agents

Front 6

This is strictly defined as substances produced by microorganisms that suppress the growth or cause the death of other microorganisms

Back 6

antibiotics

Front 7

This is the action of antibiotics in which bacteria is killed

Back 7

bactericidal

Front 8

This is the action of antibiotics in which bacterial growth/proliferation is prevented without killing

Back 8

bacteriostatic

Front 9

This is the persistent suppression of bacterial growth after a brief exposure of bacteria to an antibiotic even in the absence of host defense mechanisms

Back 9

post antibiotic effect

Front 10

This spectrum of activity is mainly effective agaisnt either gram + or gram -, but not both

Back 10

narrow-spectrum

Front 11

This spectrum of activity is affective against a variety of gram + and gram -

Back 11

extended spectrum

Front 12

this spectrum of activity is effective agaisnt both gram + and gram - and other organisms as well

Back 12

broad-spectrum

Front 13

This type of antimicrobial resistance is passed on from parent to daughter cells

Back 13

constitutive resistance

Front 14

This type of antimicrobial resistance occurs when the drug fails to reach its target, not active, or the target is altered

Back 14

acquired resistance

Front 15

This mechanism of acquired resistance is the acquisition of bacterial DNA encoding resistance by a bacteriophage

Back 15

transduction

Front 16

This mechanism of acquired resistance is the uptake of naked extrabacterial DNA into the bacterial genome

Back 16

transformation

Front 17

This mechanism of acquired resistance is the transfer of resistance encoding DNA by a sex pilus (gram -)

Back 17

conjugation

Front 18

True or False: Antibiotics cause antimicrobial resistance

Back 18

False
overuse/inappropriate use of antibiotics selects for the outgrowth of resistant organisms, it does not cause the resistancy

Front 19

Definition: one drug interferes with the effects of another

Back 19

antagonism

Front 20

definition: the net result is the sum of the effects obtained with each agent alone

Back 20

additon

Front 21

definition: inhibition of growth by a combination of drugs at concentrations less than or equal to 25% of the MIC for each drug acting alone (the effect is greater than the sum of the parts)

Back 21

synergism

Front 22

True or False: gram negative bacteria does not have a liposaccharide layer

Back 22

False
gram negative does have it.
Gram + does not have LPS