Personality Psych Exam #2

Front 1

what is phenomenology?

Back 1

investigates the individual’s conscious experiences

Front 2

What is the "noumenal world" and who discovered it?

Back 2

Emanual Kant discovered it, and it is objects as they exist in and of themselves, independent of the observer) from the world of phenomena (i.e., conscious experience)

Front 3

What was Roger's hermeneutic approach?

Back 3

In therapy his main goal was to gain an accurate understanding of how clients experience their world

Front 4

What is the phenomenal field?

Back 4

the domain of subjective perceptions that makes up the totality of our experience

Front 5

what is need for positive regard?

Back 5

a basic need to be accepted and respected by others

Front 6

how powerful is positive regard?

Back 6

so powerful that people can lose touch with their true feelings and values in order to obtain positive regard from others

Front 7

why is positive regard essential for child development?

Back 7

children need love & guidance, parents provide nurture and feedback on what is proper,

Front 8

What were the 3 parental attitudes/behaviors Coopersmith found important for self-esteem?

Back 8

degree of acceptance, affection, interest, & warmth expressed to a child, permissiveness vs punishment & whether parent-child relationships were democratic or dictorial

Front 9

What are the key 3 steps to the hermeneutic approach?

Back 9

Search for meaning in a characters action, deduce meaning by examining the historical and social context in which a character is acting, & Evaluate the ethical and moral goodness of a character’s actions

Front 10

what is the actual self?

Back 10

the self that we believe we are now

Front 11

what is the ideal self?

Back 11

the self that we aspire to become in the future

Front 12

what is the Q-sort technique?

Back 12

examiuner gives respondan ]=








































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































an examiner gives a respondent a set of cards & has them rate themselves w/ categories. most r found in the middle w/ a few at the end of each

Front 13

what is self actualization?

Back 13

a forward-looking tendency toward personal growth

Front 14

what is self consistency?

Back 14

Roger's concept expressing an absence of conflict among perceptions with the self

Front 15

what is congruence?

Back 15

roger's concept expressing an absence of conflict between the perceived self and experience; essential for growth & therapeutic progress

Front 16

what is anxiety a result of?

Back 16

result on in congruence between perception of self and actual experience

Front 17

what is subception?

Back 17

a process emphasized by Rogers in which a stimulus is experienced without being brought into awareness

Front 18

what is denial of experience?

Back 18

a defense mechanism emphasized by Freud & Rogers in which threatening feelings are not allowed into awreness

Front 19

what is distortion?

Back 19

according to Rogers, a defsive process in which experience is changed so as to be brought into awareness in a form that is consistent with the self.

Front 20

What did Aronsen & Mattee prove?

Back 20

that cheating is congruent with self-esteem

Front 21

What did Hiempl study show?

Back 21

that people w/ high self-esteem did more for themselves when in a negative mood than people w/ low self-esteem (watch a comedy movie to alter their mood)

Front 22

What is genuinism?

Back 22

The therapist selectively, but authentically, shares thoughts and feelings with the client, even negative ones

Front 23

what is unconditional positive regard?

Back 23

The therapist non-judgmentally prizes the client, which allows the client to explore experience without denying or distorting it

Front 24

What is empathic understanding?

Back 24

The therapist strives to understand the feelings and meaning of events from the client’s point of view

Front 25

What is broaden-and-build theory?

Back 25

Positive emotions “broaden” thought and action by widening the range of ideas that come to mind.

Front 26

what does experimental existential psychology do?

Back 26

addresses issues involving the meaning of life, fear of death, alienation, and freedom and responsibility

Front 27

What is Terror Management theory do?

Back 27

expresses the desire to live(human & animal characteristic) & the awareness of the inevitability of death (uniquely only human)

Front 28

How do society & culture affect TMT?

Back 28

Some cultures express having an afterlife & that one does not end when death occurs, and society teaches the human that they are apart of something greater (family, community, etc.) & that they live on through their offspring

Front 29

What does the ideal self focus on?

Back 29

centers on ambitions, desires, and hopes

Front 30

What is the ought self?

Back 30

focuses on duties, obligations, and responsibilities

Front 31

What is authenticity?

Back 31

the extent to which people behave consistently with their actual self and experience

Front 32

What is a trait?

Back 32

a consistent pattern of behavior, emotion, and thought

Front 33

What are 2 connotations about traits?

Back 33

1. Stability (traits describe regularity in behavior). 2.Distinctiveness (traits distinguish among individuals)

Front 34

What does building a personality theory based on traits imply?

Back 34

that traits for people are consistent over time regardless of experience.

Front 35

What is taxonomy?

Back 35

a way of classifying the traits being studied

Front 36

What do traits do?

Back 36

Summarize a persons typical behavior & what they are usually like, and also provide descriptive facts that must be explained by other theories of personality

Front 37

What are cardinal traits?

Back 37

express dispositions that are so pervasive that virtually every act is traceable to its influence (1)

Front 38

What are central traits?

Back 38

express dispositions that cover a more limited range of situations (3-10)

Front 39

What are secondary dispositions?

Back 39

traits that are the least conspicuous, generalized, and consistent (many)