Pediatric Disorders

Front 1

Spina Bifida?

Back 1

Congenital defect of the spinal/neural tube in which there is an incomplete closure of the spinal column due to one or more missing vertebrae arches.

Front 2

Spina Bifida occurs during?

Back 2

First trimester (4th week of embryonic life)

Front 3

Risk Factors for Spina Bifida

Back 3

1. Deficiency in folic acid/folate of the mother during pregnancy

2. Genetics/Hereditary

3. Age: High Risk (18-35)

4. Maternal infections (Rubella, Measles...)

5. Medications (Valproic Acid, Dilantin, etc.)

Front 4

Folate/Folic Acid is what vitamin?

Back 4

B9

Front 5

AMA?

Back 5

35

Front 6

Types of Spina Bifida?

Back 6

1. SB Occulta

2. SB Cystica

Front 7

Assessments for SB Occulta?

Back 7

1. Hidden missing bone

2. (-) sac, (-) problem, (-) surgery

3. Skin dimpling, redness

4. Tufts of hair

5. No paralysis, no contractures/deformities

6. Normal bowel and bladder function

Front 8

Assessments for SB Cystica?

Back 8

1. (+) Sac

2. Flaccid paralysis (lower extremities)

3. Altered bowel and bladder function/ aka Neurogenic incontinent

4. (+) Contraction and deformities

Front 9

Types of SB Cystica

Back 9

1. Meningocele

2. Myelomeningocele/ Meningomyelocele

Front 10

Myelomeningocele aka?

Back 10

Meningomyelocele

Front 11

Difference between Meningocele and Myelomeningocele?

Back 11

Contents/ Laman

Front 12

Meningocele contains?

Back 12

1. CSF

2. Meninges

Front 13

Myelomeningocele contains?

Back 13

1. CSF

2. Meninges

3. Spinal Cord

4. Nerve Roots

Front 14

Diagnosis for SB Cystica?

Back 14

1. Amniocentesis

2. UTZ

3. Transillumination/ Penlight Test

Front 15

Amniocentesis (SB Bifida)?

Back 15

To determine AFP

Front 16

AFP is done when?

Back 16

16-18 AOG

Front 17

Increase AFP means?

Back 17

Neural Tube Defect

Front 18

Decrease in AFP means?

Back 18

Down Syndrome

Front 19

Ultrasound (SB Cystica)?

Back 19

To visualize abnormalities

Front 20

Transillumination is aka?

Back 20

Penlight Test

Front 21

Transillumination; Meningocele?

Back 21

(+)

Front 22

Transillumination; Myelomeningocele

Back 22

(-)

Front 23

More severe. Meningocele or Myelomeningocele?

Back 23

Myelomeningocele

Front 24

Neural Tube will become?

Back 24

CNS

Front 25

Goal of management for SB Cystica?

Back 25

Promote the integrity of the SAC

Front 26

Complications when sac rupture

Back 26

Short-term: Meningitis

Long-term: Hydrocephalus (most common)

Front 27

Equipment at bedside for SB Cystica

Back 27

1. Paper tape measure

2. Bottle of NSS/ sterile gauze

Front 28

Only management for SB Cystica? And why.

Back 28

Surgery as SB Cystica is CONGENITAL!

Front 29

Surgery si done in SB Cystica to?

Back 29

Prevent complication (repair of the sac, surgical closure of the protruding sac)

Front 30

Nursing Interventions for SB Cystica

Back 30

1. Promote sac care.

2. Provide meticulous care.

3. Position: prone or side-lying

4. Check for early signs if infection

Front 31

Keep the sac moist. How? (SB Cystica)

Back 31

Apply sterile, non- adherent, moist gauze

Change dressings 2-4 hours

Front 32

Provide meticulous care. How? (SB Cystica)

Back 32

Prevent urine and stool contamination

No diaper until repaired and healed

Front 33

Position for SB Cystica?

Back 33

Prone - but monitor SIDS

Side-lying unless contraindicated such as hip dysplasia

Front 34

Report halo sign for SB Cystica. Why?

Back 34

STAT surgery

Front 35

Hydrocephalus?

Back 35

Enlarged ventricles

Excess of CSF in the ventricles of the subarachnoid space

Front 36

Type of hydrocephalus

Back 36

1. Communicating

2. Non-communicating

Front 37

Communicating is?

Back 37

Impaired absorption

Front 38

Non-communicating is?

Back 38

Obstruction

Front 39

More common type of Hydrocephalus?

Back 39

Non-communicating

Front 40

Risk factors for hydrocephalus

Back 40

1. Congenital Condition (ex. Spina Bifida)

2. Meningitis/Encephalitis

3. Tumor

4. Meningocele

5. Arnold-Chiari Disorder

6. Dandy-Walker Syndrome

Front 41

Causes of excess CSF

Back 41

1. Overproduction of fluid by chroroids plexus in 1st and 2nd ventricle

2. Obstruction of the fluid in narrow aqueduct of sylvius

3. Interference with the absorption of CSF from the subarachnoid space

Front 42

Most common cause of excess CSF in Hydrocephalus

Back 42

Obstruction