Pathology: Test 2: 6. Environmental/nutritional Pathology

Front 1

what are Xenobiotics:

Back 1

chemicals normally foreign to biologic systems

Front 2

what 2 organs suffer the effects of ingested chemicals?

Back 2

kidney and liver

Front 3

in general, what are the 2 pathological effects seen in smoking/tobacco?

Back 3

restrictive (asthma) and obstructive disease (chronic bronchitis, and COPD)

Front 4

what is the highest form of cancer associated with tobacco?

Back 4

strongest relationship for squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma

Front 5

please list some of the places you can have neoplasm associated with smoking?

Back 5

Larynx; oral cavity/pharynx; esophagus; urinary bladder; uterine cervix; pancreas; kidney

Front 6

what is the most widely abused chemical agent in the world?

Back 6

alcohol

Front 7

Acute intoxication causes what?

Back 7

CNS depression

Front 8

Chronic alcoholism effects what?

Back 8

Liver disease (steatosis, steatohepatitis)

Front 9

pancreatic carcinoma as a result of pancreatitis can result from what?

Back 9

alcoholism

Front 10

what can happen to the endocrine system in males wtih chronic alcohol use

Back 10

TESTICULAR ATROPHY... OHHHH NOOOO

Front 11

Megaloblastic anemia is associated wtih what?

Back 11

alcoholism

Front 12

what causes metabolic acidosis?

Back 12

Methanol

Front 13

if you have a person with optic nerve ganglion cell necrosis (blindness) what should you be thinking?

Back 13

methanol overuse

Front 14

ON TEST

if you see oxalate crystals collecting in renal tubules leading to renal failure, what should you be thinking is the cause?

Back 14

Ethylene glycol

Front 15

if you see Metabolic acidosis due to oxalic acid what is the cause

Back 15

Ethylene glycol

Front 16

what does benzene do to you?

Back 16

Acute: CNS depression -->respiratory failure
Chronic: bone marrow failure and leukemia

Front 17

an organophosphate can be seen in agricultural use. what do they do if chronically exposed?

Back 17

acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors

can paralyze your diaphragm

Front 18

what is Pneumoconioses

Back 18

progressive fibrosing pulmonary disease caused by inhalation of aerosolized particles

gets into alveoli

Front 19

please describe Coal-Workers Pneumoconiosis

Back 19

Anthracosis is excessive, grossly visible carbon dust pigmentation in intrapulmonary lymph nodes

Front 20

what is Caplan syndrome

Back 20

pneumoconiosis + rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Front 21

mesothelioma is associated with?

Back 21

Asbestosis

Front 22

you have a shipyard worker, doing insulation work what should you start thinking

TEST

Back 22

Asbestosis

Front 23

you have an autorepair worker presenting with a cough what should you start thinking

TEST

Back 23

Asbestosis

Front 24

what do you see with Asbestosis (3 things)

Back 24

interstitial fibrosis

mesotheliomas

bronchogenic carcinoa

Front 25

What is the most common cancer to form with exposure to asbestos?

ON TEST*****

Back 25

Bronchogenic carcinoma

Front 26

Cigarette smoking + asbestos exposure will have a synergistic effect leading to what disease?

Back 26

Bronchogenic carcinoma

Front 27

you have a man that comes in. his occupation is a sandblaster. he has nodular fibrosis in the upper lobes of the lungs.

what does he have?

Back 27

Silicosis

due to Exposure to silicon dioxide

Front 28

if you have a patient with TB and multiple lung nodules what should you be thinking?

Back 28

Silicosis

due to Exposure to silicon dioxide

Front 29

man comes in who works around nuclear reactors. he has acute pneumonitis (lots of coughing, and fever)

what does he have?

Back 29

Berylliosis

Front 30

man comes in with noncaseating granulomas of the lung. he reports having worked in the aerospace industry, what does he have? is it chronic or actute?

Back 30

Berylliosis

chronic

Front 31

Vinyl chloride
leads to?

Back 31

Plastic industry: liver angiosarcoma

Front 32

scrotal cancer seen from?

Back 32

Soot (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)
Chimney sweeps

Front 33

Uranium and radon gas
leads to

Back 33

lung cancer

Front 34

you see a dead patient on autopsy, you see a bright cherry red discoloration of the mucous membrane, what is this?

**on test!!!

Back 34

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning

Front 35

b-naphthylamine
seen in what pts? associated with what?

Back 35

Dye makers and rubber workers: bladder cancer

Front 36

Benzo[a]pyrene
associated with what pts, leads to?

Back 36

Steel mills and cigarette smoke: lung and bladder cancer

Front 37

carbon tetrachloride is seen in what patient? leads to?

Back 37

Dry cleaners: liver and kidney toxicity

Front 38

what is the most common form of poisoning in children?

Back 38

lead based paint

Front 39

if you see microcytic anemia in a child what are you thinking?

Back 39

LEAD POISONING

Front 40

if you see Mees lines (transverse bands in the finger nails) and the pt has garlic breath, what does this person have?

Back 40

arsenic poisoning

Front 41

you have a patient with bitter almond scented breath, they have systemic asphyxia, what do they have?

Back 41

cyanide poisoning

Front 42

what 2 things can happen with radiation?

Back 42

somatic cell killing (DNA damage leading to apoptosis)

Neoplastic transformation due to change in DNA

Front 43

how does non-ionizing radiation cause damage?

Back 43

Absorption of energy does not ionize molecules but can produce heat – could induce thermal damage

Front 44

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is what ?


ON THE TEST!!!

Back 44

insufficient:
Energy
Essential AA and FA for structural integrity

Front 45

what is primary Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

secondary?

Back 45

Primary: insufficient quantity in diet

Secondary: adequate supply, but inability to absorb, process, store or utilize

Front 46

what is marasmus? (please list 4 things to describe it)

Back 46

Severe reduction in caloric intake

>60% reduction in normal body weight (for gender and height)

Serum albumin is normal or mildly reduced

Growth retardation and loss of muscle mass (somatic compartment primarily affected

Front 47

what is Kwashiorkor?

Back 47

Severity of PROTEIN malnutrition disproportionately greater that total caloric deprivation

Front 48

what type of protein is lost in Kwashiorkor? what does this lead to?

Back 48

Loss of visceral protein is profound
(liver)

Severe hypoalbuminemia with resultant edema

(this is those kids with the big bellies in africa)

Front 49

what does Vitamin C deficiency lead to?

ON TEST

Back 49

scurvy

needed for producing collagen

see bleeding gums