Osha

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OSHA’s Mission

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To protect the safety and health of americas workers.

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Horizontal Standard

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Applicable to multiple industries

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Vertical Standards

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Apply to a particular industry or to particular operations, practices, conditions, processes, means, methods, equipment, or installations.

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Workers Rights

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The right to safety and health w/o fear of punishment.

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Type A soil

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Can be sloped at 1/2:1 if the excavation is open less than 24 hours and is less than 12 feet deep.

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Type B soil

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Cohesive soil with unconfirmed comprehensive strength of greater than 0.5 tons per sq. foot.

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Letters of Interpretation

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Provides supplementary guidance that clarifies how to apply to a specific workplace situation a policy or procedure.

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Compliance Directives

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Instruct OSHA enforcement personnel on how to enforce a standard.

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Competent Person

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One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has AUTHORITY to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

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Multi-Employer work sight policy

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More than one employer may be curable for a hazardous condition that violates an OSHA standard.

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OSHA Inspections

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Compliance officer must be present inspection sequence:

1) opening conference

2) walk and inspection

3) closing conference

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Injury and Illness in the workplace

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The results of workplace injuries and illnesses may result in lower morale and increased costs to train new workers.

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Restricted

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You or a physician keeps employees from performing one or more of the routine functions of his or her job, or from working the full workday that he or she would otherwise have been scheduled to work.

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Incident rate

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Formula based on number of recordable injuries/ illnesses per 100 employees.

Multiply number of injuries by 200,000 and divide by man-hours worked.

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Management Commitment

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Must follow the rules employees are required to follow. Set an example, “ Walk the Walk”

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Medical First Aid

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In the absence of clinic/ hospital that is “reasonably accessible” (3-4 mins) to the work site, a person who has a valid certificate in first aid must be available.

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Lead

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Exposures in construction from removing paint from bridges, renovation of residences and demo.

Toxic to male/ female reproductive systems primary target is the central nervous system.

Children under 6 are especially susceptible.

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Eye and Face Protection

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Must meet ANSI 287.1

Required when machines or operations present potential eye or face injury from physical, chemical or radiation agents.

Employees whose vision requires the use of corrective lenses may require additional protection.

Face shields only protect the face, not eyes.

Eye protection must be worn in addition to the face shield to protect the eyes.

Match the type of eye protection to the exposure.

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Respiratory Protection

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In construction we must follow the general industry standard for respiratory protection, 1910.134.

If engineering controls do not reduce exposures below the allowed limits, and employees must wear respirators, you must comply with 1910.134.

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Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ)

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May be established where employees are installing metal decking over 15 and up to 30 foot fall exposures access to the CDZ is limited to those employees engaged in leading edge work.

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Masonry Limited Access Zone

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Equal to the height of wall plus 4’ and run full length of wall.

Establish on non-scaffolded side of wall.

Once the wall is adequately supported, the zone can be dismantled.

Only employees actively engaged in wall construction may be in the zone.

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Stairways

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Metal pan stair treads and landings must be filled prior to use with solid material full width and depth of pan to top of nosing.

A stair-rail/ handrail is required if 4 or more risers or 30” in vertical height.

Handrails must have a minimum clearance of 3 inches between handrail and wall.

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Ladders

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Non-self supporting ladders shall support at least 4 times the maximum untended load.

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Scope, Cranes, and Derricks

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Applies to power operated equipment when used in construction that can hoist lower and horizontally move a suspended load.

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Signal person Qualification

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Employer is responsible to train signal persons.

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Guarding of Live Parts (electricity)

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Live parts 50 volts or greater must be guarded by:

A) in a locked room

B) partition or screen

C) qualified access only balcony

D) 8’ or more above the floor

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Sub part V. Electrical

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Provides the standards for electric power transmission and distribution.

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General requirements

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All tools must be kept in a safe working condition regardless of whether provided by employer or employee.

Guards must be provided to protect employees from hazardous moving parts.

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Arc Welding and Cutting

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Defective equipment must be removed from service.

Whenever practical, non combustible welding shields are to be used to protect other employees from direct rays of arc.

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Personal Fall Arrest System

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Must bring employees to a complete stop and limit maximum deceleration distance to 3.5 feet.

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Scaffolding Fall Protection

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Cross braces may be used as a top rail or mid-rail, but not as both.

Can be mid-rail when cross point is between 20-30 inches.

Top rail between 38-48 inches.

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Accident Prevention Signs

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Signs such as; Danger, Caution, and exit signs shall be visible when work is being performed.

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Rollover Protection Structures

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Material used in ROPS must perform at 0*.

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Lifting and Hauling

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1926.600 addresses lifting and hauling equipment, I.e. forklifts

In addition, 1910.178 training requirements for powered industrial truck operators are incorporated by reference.

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Chutes

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At an angle of more than 45 degrees from the horizontal must have entirely enclosed except for openings equipped with closures at floor level for the insertion of materials

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Definition of Construction

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Work for constructing, alteration, and or repair, including painting and decorating.

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General Duty

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OSHACT- public law 91-596 Dec. 20 1970 section 5 (a) (1):

Each employer must furnish to each of his employees, employment and a place of employment, which are free from recognized hazards that causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees.

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Citations

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The employer must certify abatement is complete for each cited violation.

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Types of Citations

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Repeat a violation of any standard or rule where upon re-inspection within 5 years, a similar violation is found.

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General Requirements Sub Part C

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Two main components of the employer’s accident prevention responsibilities are having a safety program and job site inspections by competent persons.

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Reporting Requirements

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Also must report all impatient hospitalizations, amputations or loss of an eye within 24 hours.

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Employee Involvement

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One of the largest deficiencies in safety is lack of employer involvement in the safety process.

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Work site Analysis

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Provide regular inspections by competent person.

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Illumination

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A foot candle is a unit of light on a surface one foot from a standard candle. One foot candle is equal to one lumen per square foot.

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Respiratory

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Must meet/be NIOSH certified.

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Fuel Powered Tools

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Fuel powered tools must be shutdown while being fueled, serviced, or maintained.

When used in enclosed or confined spaces must provide adequate ventilation and or PPE (personal protection equipment).

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Fall Protection

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Connectors must be provided, at heights over 15 and up to 30 feet with personal fall arrest system and wear the equipment necessary to tie off.

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Equipment

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In addition, 1910.178 training requirements for powered industrial truck operators are incorporated by reference.

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Rigging General Requirements

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Rigging must be inspected before each shift and as necessary during use.

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Assured Grounding

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Written program must be kept onsite.

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Duty to have Fall Protection

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Protection required at 6’ or greater above work/walk surface.