Nutrition (Dscc)

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Amino acid

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an organic chemical compound composed of one or more basic amino groups & one or more acidic carboxyl groups

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Anabolism

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an energy-using reaction that builds more complex substances

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Anorexia

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lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

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Anorexia nervosa

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a condition of self-imposed fasting or severe self-imposed dieting

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Anthropometry

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the science of measuring the human body as to height, weight, & size of component parts

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Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

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the minimum caloric requirement to sustain life in a resting individual

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Body Mass Index (BMI)

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an index of weight in relation to height that is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by square of height in meters

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Bulimia Nervosa

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an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binging & purging

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Carbohydrates

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any of a group of organic compounds, the most important of which are the saccharides, starch, cellulose, & glycogen

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Catabolism

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energy-producing reactions that break down biochemical substances into simpler substances

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Chyme

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acidic, liquefied mass

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Complementary Proteins

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pairs of incomplete proteins that when combined supply the total amount of protein provided by complete protein sources

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Daily Values

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a reference created by the FDA for labeling purposes

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Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

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a set of four nutrient-based reference values used to plan & evaluate diets

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Dysphagia

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difficulty swallowing

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Enteral Nutrition

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the delivery of nutrients by tube into the gastrointestinal tract

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Enzymes

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protein-like substances that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions

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Essential amino acids

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amino acids that cannot be made by the body

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Fat-soluble vitamins

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vitamins soluble in faty

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Fatty acids

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organic compounds composed of a chain of carbon atoms to which hydrogen atoms are attached

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Fiber

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the group name for carbohydrates that are not digested in the human gastrointestinal tract

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Gluconeogenesis

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catabolism of amino acids & glycerol into glucose for energy

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Glucogenesis

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anabolism of glucose into glycogen for storage

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Glycogenesis

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catabolism of glycogen into glucose, carbon dioxide, & water.

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Hypervitaminosis

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an abnormal condition resulting from excessive intake of toxic amounts of one or more vitamins

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Ideal Body Weight (IBW)

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formula to estimate a person’ reasonable weight based on height.

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Ketones

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acidic compounds formed from the incomplete breakdown of fat when carbs are not available.

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Lipid emulsions

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provide supplemental kilocalories & prevent essential fatty acid deficiencies

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Lipid

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group of water-insoluble, energy-yielding organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen atoms

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Macrominerals

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when daily requirement is 100mg or more of a mineral

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Malabsorption

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impaired absorption of nutrients from the GI tract

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Medical nutrition therapy

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the use of specific nutritional therapies to treat illness, injury, or condition.

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Metabolism

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the sum total of all physical & chemical changes that occur in living cells.

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Minerals

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inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions

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Monounsaturated fatty acids

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fatty acids with one double bond

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Nitrogen balance

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when protein synthesis & protein breakdown occur at the same rate.

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Nutrient density

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amino acids the body can make

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Nonessential amino acids

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relatively high in nutrients for the amount of calories provided.

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Parenteral nutrition (PN)

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are the elements necessary for body processes & function

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peristalsis

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the delivery of nutrients by vein

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids

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wavelike muscular contractions that move food thru the intestinal tract.

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Resting energy expenditure (REE)

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fatty acids with two or more double carbon bonds.

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Saccharide

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the calories expended maintaining basic, involuntary activities needed to sustain life

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Saturated fatty acids

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sugar molecule

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Simple carbohydrates

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each carbon in the chain has two attached hydrogen atoms.