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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Anaerobic alactic system |
Phosphagen system |
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Anaerobic lactic system |
Glycolytic system |
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Motor unit |
Functional unit of the neuromuscular system |
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Anaerobic training |
High intensity, intermittent bouts of exercise; requires ATP to be regenerated at a faster rate than aerobic energy system is capable of |
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Gains in maximal strength and power of agonist muscles are generally associated with... |
An increase in recruitment, an increased firing rate, greater synchronization of neural discharge, a combination off all factors |
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Size principle |
Motor units are recruited in ascending order according to to their receuitment thresholds and firinf rates; represents the relationship between motor unit twitch force and recruitment threshold |
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Selective recruitment |
When an athlete is able to inhibit the lower threshold motor units and in their place activate the higher threshold motor units |
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Neuromuscular junction |
The interface between nerve and skeletal muscle fibers |
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Myotatic reflex |
Harnesses involuntary elastic properties of the muscle and connective tissue and acts to positively increase force production without additional energy |
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Electromyography |
A common research tool used to examine the magnitude of neural activation within skeletal muscle |
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Cross-education |
Exercising muscle undergoing unilateral resistance training produces increased strength and neural activity in the contralateral resting muscle |
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Bilateral deficit |
Occurs when the force produced when both limbs contract together is lower than the sum of the forces they produce when contracting unilaterally |
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Hyperplasia |
An increase in the number of muscle fibers via longitudinal fiber splitting in response to high intensity resistence training |
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Pennation angle |
Affects the force production capabilities as well as the range of motion of a muscle; larger pennation angles can also accommodate greater protein deposition and allow for greater increases in CSA |
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Mechanical loading |
Forces created by the muscle across on tendinitis insertions into the bone that bend, compress, or contort the bone |
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Osteroblast |
Migrates to bone and behind bone modeling; manufacture and secrete proteins (collagen) that are deposited in the spaces between bone cells to increase strength |
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Periosteum |
Outer layer of bone |
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Trabecular bone |
Spongy bone |
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Cortical bone |
Compact bone that surrounds the trabecular bone |
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Minimal essential strain |
The threshold stimulus that initiates be bone formation |
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Bone mineral density |
The quantity of mineral deposited in a given area of bone |
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Specificity of loading |
Demands the use of exercises that directly load the particular region of interest of the skeleton |
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Osteoporosis |
A disease in which BMD and bone mass become reduced to critically low levels |
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Osteogenic stimuli |
Factors that stimulate new bone formation |
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Structural exercises |
Exercises that direct force vectors primarily through the spine and hip |
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Progressive overload |
Progressively placing greater than normal demands on the exercising musculature |
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Collagen |
The primary structural component of all connective tissue |
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Microfibril |
Parallel arrangement of filaments |
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Hyaline cartilage |
Found on the articulating surfaces of bones |
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Fibrous cartilage |
Very tough form of cartilage found in the intervertebral disks of the spine and at the junctions where tendons attach to bone |
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Blood flow is increased in the working muscles during anaerobic training is dependant on... |
The intensity of resistance The length of time and effort Size of muscle mass activated |
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Reactive hyperemia |
Impedance of peripheral blood flow but blood flow increases during rest period |
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Rate-pressure product |
Heart rate x systolic blood pressure = a measure of myocardial work |
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Volume related overtraining |
Increase cortisol and you decrease resting lutenizing hormone and total and free testosterone concentrations |
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Intensity-related overtraining |
No changes in hormones concentration |
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