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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Piloting
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The movement of a vessel by referring to landmarks, aids to navigation, depth sounding, and radio-navigation.
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Dead Reckoning
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The process of navigating by advancing a known position using course, speed, time, and distance to be traveled (figuring out where you will be at a certain time if you hold the speed, time, and course you plan to travel).
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Great Circles
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Geometric planes passing through the center of the earth which divides the earth into two equal parts. The equator is a great circle.
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Small Circles
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Geometric planes anywhere on the earth that does NOT pass through the earth's center. They always have smaller diameters than the earth.
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What is the best known and most widely used set of coordinates in marine navigation?
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The latitude-longitude system.
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True or False???
Marine navigation is based on a system of geographic coordinates that are used to describe a specific location on a body of water. |
True.
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The set of circles that pass through the north and south poles are called _______________.
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Meridians of Longitude
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The set of circles that pass through the earth perpendicular to the polar axis are called ______________.
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Parallels of Latitude
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The Meridians of Longitude are known as what types of circles?
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Great Circles.
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Parallels of latitude are known as what types of circles?
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Small Circles.
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One nautical mile = ________ feet??
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6,076 feet
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What is the reference point for all measurements of longitude ?
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The Prime Meridian
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What city/country does the Prime Meridian pass through?
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Greenwich, England.
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Which of the coordinate systems (longitude or latitude) are ONLY used to measure distance on nautical charts?
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latitude
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What is the difference between true north and magnetic north called?
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Variation.
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Another name for The North Star is _________.
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Polaris
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Distance = _____________ x _____________
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Speed x Time
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Time = _________ / __________
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Distance / Speed
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Speed = ___________ / ___________
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Distance / Time
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The type of projection most widely used in coastal navigation is the _____________ projection.
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Mercator
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True or False??
The compass card remains stationary and the vessel turns around the card. |
True.
When a vessel turns, the needle remains aligned with the magnetic field. |
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True direction uses __________ as a reference point.
Magnetic direction uses _________ as a reference point. |
-The North Pole
-Magnetic North |
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For navigation purposes, the vessel's magnetic compass is always referred to as _____________.
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The Steering Compass (PSC - "Per Ship's Compass")
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The earth's magnetic field that influences your compass is ___________.
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Flux
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Because the earth's magnetic field varies from place to place, what aspect of a magnetic compass varies from place to place?
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Variation
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What are the two major forces that affect magnetic compasses?
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Variation and Deviation
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Which major force that affects magnetic compasses changes with the boat's heading and is NOT affected by the geographic location of the boat?
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Deviation.
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Period at high or low tide during which there is not movement of the water is called ______________.
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Slack Water
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When you are steering on a pair of range lights and find the upper light is in line with the lower light, you should ______________.
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Continue on present course.
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A buoy having red and green horizontal bands would have a light characteristic of ______________.
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Composite Group Flashing
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The direction of the surface wind is/are ___________.
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deflected by the earth's rotation.
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A vessel's position should be plotted using bearings of ______________.
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fixed known objects onshore.
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Which buoy is NOT numbered?
a) Green can buoy b) Preferred Channel Buoy c) Red lighted buoy d) Green gong buoy |
Preferred Channel buoy
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Spring tides are tides that ___________.
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have lower lows and higher highs than normal.
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The Local Notice to Mariners is usually published ____________.
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Weekly
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The term "tide" refers to the __________ movement of water.
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vertical
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The difference between the heights of low and high tide is the ___________.
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Range
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In the US Aids to Navigation System, red & green horizontally-banded buoys mark __________________.
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Preferred Channels
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The reference datum used in determining the heights of land features on most charts is ________________.
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Mean high water
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Red lights may appear on:
a) Horizontally banded buoys b) vertically striped buoys c) yellow buoys d) spherical buoys |
Horizontally banded buoys
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Charted depth is the ______________________.
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vertical distance from the chart sounding datum to the ocean bottom.
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Mean lower low water is the reference plane used for ________________.
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soundings on the U.S east and west coasts.
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A position obtained by taking 3 or more bearings is called a ________.
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fix
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In the Northern Hemisphere, a wind that shifts counter-clockwise is a _____________.
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backing wind
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A single line of position combined with a dead-reckoning position results in a(n) _____________.
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estimated position
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When the sun and moon are in alignment, what type of tides will occur?
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spring tide
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A buoy with a composite group-flashing light indicates a(n) _______.
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preferred channel
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On the West Coast of North America, charted depths are taken from ________.
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Mean lower low water
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A weather forecast states that the wind will commence backing. In the northern hemisphere, this would indicate that it will _____________.
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shift in a counter-clockwise manner.
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When the sun & moon are at right angles to each other, which types of tides occur?
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neap
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A preferred channel buoy will show what type of light?
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Composite group-flashing (2+1) red or green light
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A weather forecast states that the wind will commence veering. In the northern hemisphere, this indicates that the wind will ___________.
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shift in a clockwise manner
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The lunar or tidal day is ________.
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about 50 minutes longer than the solar day
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A lighted preferred channel buoy may show a:
a) fixed red light b) Morse (A) white light c) composite group-flashing light d) yellow light |
composite group flashing light
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What should you apply to a fathometer reading to determine the depth of water?
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add the draft of the vessel
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A local wind which occurs during the daytime and is caused by the different rates of warming of land and water is a _______.
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sea breeze
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A position that is obtained by using three or more intersecting lines of position at nearly the same time is a(n) __________.
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Fix
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Green lights may appear on:
a) horizontally banded buoys b) vertically striped buoys c) yellow buoys d) spherical buoys |
horizontally banded buoys
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Wind resulting from a land mass cooling more quickly at night than adjacent water is a ____________.
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land breeze
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Mean high water is the average height of __________.
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All high waters (NOT higher high waters)
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What describes an accurate position that is NOT based on any prior position?
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Fix
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A safe water mark may be:
a) vertically striped b) spherical c) showing a white light d) all of the above |
all of the above
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Mean lower water is the average height of ___________.
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ALL low waters
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A position obtained using ONLY the vessel's course and speed from a known position is a ______________.
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Dead-reckoning
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A vertically striped buoy may be:
a) striped back and green b) striped black and yellow c) lighted with a red light d) lighted with a white light |
lighted with a white light
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The path that a vessel expects to follow is the ________.
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Track line
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A DR plot should always be started from __________.
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a known position
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How is a safe water mark, that can be passed close aboard on either side, painted and lighted?
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Red and white stripes with a Morse A light
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Under the US Aids to Navigation System, a lighted buoy with a spherical topmark marks _____.
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safe water
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How many high waters usually occur each day on the East Coast of the US?
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two
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Which navigational mark may only be lettered?
a) an unlighted, green, can buoy b) a spherical buoy c) a red buoy d) a port side day shape |
a spherical buoy
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The scale on a chart is given as 1:5,000,000. This means that _________.
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1 inch is equal to 5,000,000 inches on the earth's surface
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Safe water buoys may only show:
a) flashing red lights b) flashing green lights c) white lights d) yellow lights |
white lights
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The description "Racon" beside an illustration on a chart would mean a ___________.
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radar transponder beacon
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Chart legends printed in capital letters show that the associated landmark is ____________.
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conspicuous (clearly visible)
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A spherical topmark is used on what type of aid to assist in its identification?
a) preferred channel b) safe water mark c) special purpose marks d) Western Rivers aids to navigation |
safe water mark
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The type of tide that occurs twice daily is called _________.
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semidiurnal
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You are outbound in a buoyed channel on course and sight a white light showing a Morse (A) to port. For safety, you should _________.
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stay in channel and leave the buoy to port
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As you enter a channel from seaward in a US Port, the numbers on the starboard side buoys ___________.
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increase and the buoys are red
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A spherical buoy may be:
a) numbered b) lettered c) green d) red |
lettered
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The difference between the heights of low and high tide is the __________.
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range
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Neap tides occur _____________.
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when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other.
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A mid-channel buoy, if lighted, will show a _____________ light.
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Morse (A) white light
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Spring tides occur ____.
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when the sun, moon, and earth are nearly in line.
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You are heading out to sea in a buoyed channel and see a quick-flashing green light on a buoy ahead of you. In US waters, you should leave the buoy ____________.
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to starboard
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As a vessel changes course to starboard, the compass card in a magnetic compass ___________.
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remains aligned with compass port
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When entering a US port from sea, a lighted buoy to be kept to starboard, shall have a _____________.
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red light
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The symbol which appears beside a light on a chart reads "Gp F1 R (2) 10sec 160ft 19M". Which characteristic does the light possess?
a) it is visible two nautical miles b) it's distinguishing # is "19M" c) It has a red light d) it flashes once every 10 seconds |
It has a red light
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On a weather chart, a warm front is indicated by what symbol?
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Line with red half circles on one side
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What indicates a buoy that should be left to port when entering from seaward?
a) white light b) group flashing characteristics c) nun shape d) odd number |
odd number
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Buoys which only mark left or right side of the channel will never exhibit a light with which characteristic?
a) flashing b) quick flashing c) composite group flashing d) equal interval (isophase) |
composite group flashing
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Which chart projection would be most suitable for coastal navigation?
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Mercator
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You would find the variation on a Mercator Chart where?
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on the compass rose
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A nun buoy will:
a) be green in color b) have an even number c) be left to port when entering from seaward d) be cylindrical in shape |
have an even number
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A barometer is an instrument for measuring the ______.
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atmospheric pressure
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Prior to reading an aneroid barometer, you should tap the face lightly with your finger to __________.
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bring the pointer to it's true position
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Which symbol on a weather chart represents a cold front?
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Line with blue triangles
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Yellow lights may appear on:
a) special purpose buoys b) vertically-striped buoys c) horizontally-banded buoys d) spherical buoys |
special purpose buoys
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What is the weather chart symbol for an occluded front?
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Line with purple half-circles and triangles.
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Which of the following could be used to mark an anchorage?
a) white buoy numbered "3" b) white buoy with a green top c) white buoy with orange bands d) yellow buoy lettered "N" |
yellow buoy lettered "N"
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You have been informed that dredging operations may be underway in your vicinity. Which buoy indicates the dredging area?
a) white buy with a green top b) white and international orange buoy c) yellow buoy d) yellow and black vertically-striped buoy |
yellow buoy
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Which weather chart symbol represents a stationary front?
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Line with red circles on one side and blue triangles on the other
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A white buoy with an orange rectangle on it is used to indicate:
a) danger b) a controlled area c) an exclusion area d) general information |
general information
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The chart progression widely used for navigation is the ________.
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Mercator
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On a weather map, an occluded front is represented by what color line?
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purple
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The description "Racon" beside an illustration on a chart would mean a ________.
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radar transponder beacon
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A line of position formed by sighting two charted objects is a direct line is a(n) ___________.
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range line
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Chart legends printed in capital letters show that the associated landmark is _________.
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conspicuous
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You wish to measure the distance on a Mercator chart between to points. You would use what to measure the distance?
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dividers
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Distance along a track line is measured on a mercator chart by using the ____.
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latitude scale nearest to the track line
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White lights may be found on:
a) special purpose buoys b) preferred channel buoys c) information and regulatory buoys d) numbered buoys |
information and regulatory buoys
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Chart legends which indicate a conspicuous landmark are printed in _______ letters.
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capital
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Navigational marks used for informational or regulatory purposes are:
a) solid yellow b) white with orange geometric shapes c) red and white vertically striped d) green and red horizontally banded |
white with orange geometric shapes
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The rise and fall of the ocean's surface due to a distant storm is known as ____________.
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swell
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Weather systems in the US generally travel from _____.
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west to east
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What agency establishes and maintains aids to navigation in the US?
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Coast Guard
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The US Coast Guard publishes ___________.
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light lists
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What is the most important source of information to be used in correcting charts & keeping them up to date?
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Notice to Mariners
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In which source could you find the number of a chart for a certain geographic area?
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Catalog of nautical charts
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Mariners are first warned of serious defects or important changes to aids of navigation by means of ___________.
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marine broadcast Notice to Mariners
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Which government agency publishes the US Coast Pilot?
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National Ocean Service
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Deviation in a compass is caused by the __________.
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influence of the magnetic materials of the vessel.
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Magnetic north differs from true north by _________.
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variation
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