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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the mainstream music styles of the 20th century?
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Primitivism, Electicism, Neo-Classical, Neo-Baroque, Nationalism
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What are the characteristics of nationalism?
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Emotion, feeling, image of a country. A programatic piece.
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What are the emotional characteristics of Romanticism? (7)
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Emotion of love
1. Something imaginative 2. Refers to the romance 3. Intrigued by long ago and far away 4. Resented rules 5. Rural orientation 6. Highly subjective 7. Mystery, not clarity |
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What were the impacts of Romanticism? (3)
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1. End of the patronage system
2. Rise of personality performer 3. Golden Age of piano |
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What does Romanticism deal with?
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A heroic person or event, based off romance poems
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What did Romantic music feel about "truth"?
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Truth is what one feels to be true, not interested in intellect.
"What the imagination seizes as beauty must be truth." |
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The aspects of Romanticism encompass what?
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1. Medieval heroes
2. Rural was a place free from corruption and artificialities 3. Love of nature 4. Art was an extension of the artist |
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What did Romanticism demand as far as audience was concerned?
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No longer designed for patronage
No longer for a small group of rich people indoors Rise of public concert People went to a concert to hear a specific artist |
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What were the musical characteristics of Romanticism? (14)
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1. Avoided counterpoint (too intellectual)
2. Fluid, expressive line for melody 3. Homophony predominated 4. Luscious harmonies 5. No strict allegiance to a tonal center 6. Defies analysis 7. Introduces new instruments 8. Larger bands 10. Decreased length, increased quantity 11. Cyclical writing 12. No clear cut divisions 13. Rubato 14. No subtle dynamics - whole dynamic spectrum used |
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Who was the pioneer of thematic transformation?
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Francis Liszt
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What was the first depiction of thematic transformation?
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Les Preludes for Orchestra by Liszt
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Music became less virtuosic (T/F)
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False.
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What is an art song?
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A musical piece for piano and voice for a poem --> Music meant to intensify the language
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Who is the pioneer of a musical drama?
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Wagner
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What was so different about the opera "Carmen", and who wrote it?
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Biset - first opera portrayal of a REAL subject (gypsies), unique approach, tender and beautiful.
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Who is the pioneer of symphonic tone poem? (And thematic transformation) and what is it?
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Liszt (It's a programatic single movement piece for orchestra)
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Who is the pioneer of the symphonic suite? (and what is it)
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Rimsky - Korsakov. (It's a multi-movement version of a symphonic tone poem)
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What is a concert overture? and what are some popular examples?
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It's an independent concert piece whose program is self-contained.
1. Brahm's Academic Festival Orchestra 2. Mendelsson's Hebrides 3. Tschaikovsky's Festival Overture |
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What is incidental music?
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Overture and 5 or 6 pieces performed between the acts of a play
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Who was the pioneer of nationalism?
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Frederic Chopin
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Who was the greatest melody writer?
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Schubert
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Who was the pioneer of the leite (leading) motif?
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Von Weber
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Who was the "poet of the piano"?
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Frederic Chopin
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What is "grande ligne"?
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The ability to play with passion and feeling, even if the music is executed perfectly
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Who taught a piano master class?
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Liszt
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Who revitalized Bach's music after his death and brought attention to its mastery?
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Mehndelsson
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Who said "Brahms is the next Beethoven"?
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Schumann
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What did Schumann develop?
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Hand and wrist techniques for piano
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Which two composers brought realism into opera AFTER the pioneer (Biset)?
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Verdi and Poccini
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What did Verdi include in his operas?
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Calls for freedom in Italian that the Hungarians didn't understand
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Who was the greatest symphonic composer after Beethoven?
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Brahms
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Who were the Russian 5?
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1. Rimsky-Korsakov
2. Balkirev 3. Mussorgsky 4. Cui 5. Borodin |
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Who was the leader of the Russian 5?
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Balakirev. He persuaded the others to look into Russia's own musical styles.
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Who was the greatest orchestrator of the Russian 5?
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Rimsky-Korsakov
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Who was the greatest of the Russian 5?
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Mussorgsky. He wrote masterpieces of symphonic tone poems.
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Who was the pioneer of the musical drama? (his music told stories)
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Wagner
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Who thought that music should be absolute? Who thought that music should tell stories and be programmatic?
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1. Brahms
2. Wagner |
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Who was the teacher of Boulangé and head of the Paris Conservatory from 1920-1924?
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Fauvre
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Who was the master humorist who wrote "Carnival of Animals"?
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Saint-Saens
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What is an example of a neo-romantic piece?
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1. Appalachian Spring
2. Rhapsody in Blue |
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What were the characteristics of Bartok's music? (5)
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1. Folk materials
2. Polytonality 3. Contrapunal designs 4. Thematic transformations 5. Motive development |
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What are the characteristics of neo-classical and neo-baroque?
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1. Absolute music
2. Economy 3. Counterpoint 4. Small groups/ensembles |
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Who dramatically changed the course of music in the 20th century?
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Egor Stravinsky
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What are the characteristics of primitivism?
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1. Non-western
2. Polytonality 3. Polyrhythm 4. Ostinato 5. Contrast in timbre 6. Dissonance 7. Counterpoint 8. Savage rhythms |
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Who wrote the primitivism style composition "The Rite of Spring"?
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Stravinsky
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What are the characteristics of eclecticism?
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1. Experimental
2. No allegiance to system 3. No allegiance to philosophy |
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What are 2 examples of eclecticism?
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1. George Crumbs - A Haunted Landscape
2. Pendrecki - Passion According to St. Luke |
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What are the characteristics of impressionism?
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1. Music creates an atmosphere
2. Suggests, rather than defines 3. Avoids sharp outlines |
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What is an example of an impressionistic work?
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Debussy's Prelude to the Afternoon of a Fawn
Ravel's Jeux d'Eau |
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What are the characteristics of expressionism?
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1. Probes into the realm of subconsciousness
2. Intensity and grotesque subjects |
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What are the characteristics of intellectualism? and who was the innovator?
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1. Atonality
2. Ordering of entire 12 note scale 3. Schonberg |
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What was a nickname for intellectualism?
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12 tone music or serial music
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Who was a pioneer of intellectualism?
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Berg and Webern
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What are the characteristics of anti-intellectualism?
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1. Ridiculed seriousness of art
2. Reason and logic couldn't be in music |
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Which composer wrote anti-intellectual music?
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Milhaud
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What are the characteristics of chance/aleotoric music? (3)
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1. Played by chance
2. Inderminate music allows the composer to maintain his identity 3. Parameters not controlled |
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What are the characteristics of Stravinsky's music?
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1. Rhythm highly potent
2. Rhythm not governed by meter 3. Silence is important 4. Much ostinato 5. Master of syncoption |
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What are the characteristics of Prokofiev's music?
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1. Mainstream nationalism
2. Traditional music forms 3. Retention of tonality and motivic devices 4. Lyrical but angular melodies 5. Strong rhythmic contexts 6. Sudden modulation 7. Colorful orchestration |
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Rhythmic diversity is a trademark of which composer?
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Stravinsky
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What are the characteristics of Aaron Copland's music?
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1. Strong sense of tonality and bitonality
2. Simple chords with creatie voicings and orchestrations 3. Polyrhythms |
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What are the characteristics of George Gershwin? (3)
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1. Mainstream nationalism
2. Neo-Romanticism 3. Integration of classical and pop/jazz/blues traditions |
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What is empfindsamer stil?
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Sensitive or expressive style
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Who were the pianists in the London School of Pianists?
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Clementi, Cramer, Dussek, Field, Hummel, Beethoven
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Who ushered in the Romantic era?
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Beethoven
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Who was the Dean of American Composers?
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Copland
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What song integrated blues and jazz and classical music? Who wrote it?
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George Gershwin - Rhapsody in Blue
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What are the two types of an introduction?
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1. Simple introduction
2. Independent introduction |
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What 3 things differentiate an independent introduction from a simple one?
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1. Length
2. Character 3. Cadence |
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What are the functions of a transition?
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1. Modulatory
2. Connective |
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What are two types of transitions?
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1. Bridge
2. Transitional episode |
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What is a retransition?
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a connecting passage which leads to the RETURN of a previously heard theme or part
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What is an anticipatory retransition?
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a connecting passage which uses motives from the part to which it is returning
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What is a codetta?
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It harmonically reaffirms the cadence drawing from harmonies in the preceding phrase.
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What is an interlude?
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Only heard once (not repeated, otherwise it's not an interlude!) Appears between a theme and its repetition.
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What is a section?
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A portion of a composition characterized by the use of a certain melody or by a particular kind of treatment
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What are the two types of episodes?
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1. Homophonic - lengthy, not derived from previous thematic material. May be in sections
2. Polyphonic - fragment of thematic material, the episode itself is part of a section |
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What is dissolution?
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An extension in which one or more motives from the immediately preceding thematic material are treated by repetition, sequence, and modulation
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What is a coda?
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One or more sections, usually summarizing the composition's main elements. New material may be used.
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Who invented the coda?
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Beethoven
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What is a cadenza?
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An unaccompanied passage in free, improvisational style, based on previous thematic material
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What is a postlude?
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Section at the end of a work which usually contains independent material. May appear as last section of a coda. The postlude is more of an epilogue. Like the thing at the end of a church service.
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What is a homophonic style?
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Many sections, non-thematic material
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What is a polyphonic style?
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1 section derived from thematic material
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