Milady Ch 5 Infection Control

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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

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Abbreviated AIDS; a disease that breaks down the body's immune system. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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Acquired Immunity

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Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (such as flu vaccinations), or through exposure to natural allergens, such as pollen, cat dander and ragweed

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Allergy

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Reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances

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Antiseptics

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Chemical germicides formulated for use on skin; registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

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Asymptomatic

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Showing no symptoms or signs of infection

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Bacilli

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Short rod-shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria

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Bacteria (singular: bacterium)

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One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. Some are harmful; some are harmless

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Bactericidal

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Capable of destroying bacteria

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Binary fission

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The division of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells

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Bioburden

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The number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface or the organic material on a surface or object before decontamination or sterilization

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Bloodborne Pathogens

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Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV

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Chelating Soap

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Also known as chelating detergents; detergents that break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts and masks

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Clean (cleaning)

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A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris and many disease-causing germs. Cleaning also removes invisible debris that interferes with disinfection. Cleaning is what cosmetologist are required to do before disinfecting

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Cocci

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Round-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups. The three types of cocci are staphylococci, streptococci and diplococci

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Contagious Disease

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Also known as communicable disease; disease that is spread from one person to another person. Some of the more contagious diseases are the common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis (pinkeye), viral infections, and natural nail or toe and foot infections

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Contamination

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The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentailly infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin

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Decontamination

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The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair and skin

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Diagnosis

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Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic test. Federal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing a diagnosis

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Diplococci

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Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia

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Direct Transmission

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Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing and talking

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Disease

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An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systmes or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function

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Disinfectants

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Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces

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Disinfection (disinfecting)

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A chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms (expect bacterial spores) on environmental surfaces

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Efficacy

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The ability to produce an effect

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Exposure Incident

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Contact with non-intact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employees duties

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Flagella

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Slender, hairlike extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion (moving about). May also be referred to as cilia

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Fungi (singular: fungus)

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Microscopic plant parasites, which include molds, mildews and yeasts; can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm

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Fungicidal

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Capable of destroying fungi

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Hepatits

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A bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver

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Hospital Disinfectitants

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Disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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Abbreviated HIV; virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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Human Papilloma Virus

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Abbreviated HPV and also known as plantar warts; a virus that can infect the bottom of the foot and resembles mall black dots, usually in clustered groups

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Immunity

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The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection. Immunity against disease can be either natural or acquired and is a sign of good health

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Indirect Transmission

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Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface

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Infection

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The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens

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Infection Control

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Are the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms

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Infectoius

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Caused by or capable of being transmitted by infetion

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Infectious Disease

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Disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body. An infectious disease may or may not be spread form one person to another person

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Inflammaiton

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A condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation or infection; characterized by redness, heat, pain and swelling

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Local Infection

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An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus

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Material Safety Data Sheet

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Abbreviated MSDS; information complied by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling, and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings

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Methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus Aureus

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Abbreviated MRSA; a type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics

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Microorganism

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Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size

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Mildew

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A type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon

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Motility

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Self-movement

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Multiuse

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Also known as reusable; items that can be cleaned, disinfected and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid

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Mycobacterium

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A microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers

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Natural Immunity

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Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living

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Nonpathogenic

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Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause diseases or harm

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Nonporous

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An item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids

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Occupational Disease

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Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients

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Parasites

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Organisms that grow, feed and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as the host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive

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Parasitic Disease

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Disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites

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Phenolic Disinfectants

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Powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants. They are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high ph, and can damage the skin and eyes

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Porous

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Made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. Porous items are absorbent

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Pus

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A fluid created by infecitons

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Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

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Also known as quats; disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon

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Sanitation

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Also known as sanitizing; a chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level

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Scabies

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A contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin

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Single-use

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Also known as disposable; items that cannot be used more than once. Theses items cannot be properly cleaned so that all visible residue is removed- such as pumice stones used for pedicures- or they are damaged or contaminated by cleaning and disinfecting

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Sodium Hypochlorite

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Common household bleach; an effective disinfectant for the salon

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Spirilla

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Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that cause disease such as syphilis and lyme disease

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Staphylococci

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Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules and boils

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Sterilization

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The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores

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Streptococci

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Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning

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Systemic Disease

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Disease that affects the body as a whole, often due to under-functioning or over-functioning of internal glands or organs. This disease is carried through the blood stream of the lymphatic system

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Tinea Barbae

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Also known as barber itch; a superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin. It is primarily limited to the bearded areas of the face and neck or around the scalp

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Tinea Capitis

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A fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicles

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Tinea Pedis

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A ringworm of the foot

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Toxins

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Various poisonous substances produced by some microogramsims (bacteria and viruses)

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Tuberculocidal Disinfectants

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Disinfectants that kill the bacteria the cause tuberculosis

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Tuberculosis

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A disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing

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Universal Precautions

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A set of guidelines published by OSHA that require employers and employees to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens

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Virucidal

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Capable of destroying viruses

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Virus (plural: viruses)

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A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only though taking over the host cell's reproductive functions