Microbiology Lecture Exam 3

Front 1

Treponema Pallidum

Back 1

Syphillis

Front 2

Treponema Pallidum Host

Back 2

Humans Only

Front 3

Treponema Pallidum is Fastidious:

Back 3

Cannot Stand Hardship outside of Body (heating, drying, disinfection etc)

Front 4

Treponema Pallidum can be grown in

Back 4

In Vivo, in paw pads of Rats,

Cannot Culture in Vitro/Lab

Front 5

Treponema Pallidum Virulent Factor

Back 5

Endoflagellum-

screwdriving motion, very mobile

Front 6

Treponema Pallidum Transmission Mode

Back 6

Human to Human, direct contact STD

Front 7

Stages of Syphillis

Back 7

1 Primary Stage- Chancre (skin lesion)

2 Secondary Stage- Systemic Involvement

3 Tertiary Stage- Immunologic Disease (Gumma)

Front 8

Treponema Pallidum

Chancre description

Back 8

skin lesion, elevated, cartilage like

painless genital lesion

Front 9

Treponema Pallidum (systemic involvement)

symptoms

Back 9

skin rash over body, fever, arthritis, carditis

Front 10

Treponema Pallidum Tertiary Stage

Back 10

Immunologic Disease

NOT treatable by antibiotics

Front 11

Treponema Pallidum Tertiary Stage effects on body

Back 11

Gumma- Soft, Gummy Granules

in CVS along blood vessel- aneurism

in CNS in brain- disorder, insanity

on Body- Disformation

Front 12

Treponema Pallidium Diagnostic Tests:

Back 12

Fragile Bacteria

Cannot withstand stain procedure

1 Swab Lesion

*examine in Dark Field/Phase Contrast

*Immunal Flourescent Analysis

2 Serologic Tests- look for antibody

VDRL and TPPA

Front 13

Treponema Pallidum Treatment

Back 13

*First two stages: Antibiotics

*Third Stage: no treatment

*No Vaccine Available

Front 14

Borrelia Burgdorferi causes what disease:

Back 14

Lyme Disease

Front 15

Borrelia Burgdorferi shape

Back 15

Spiral

Front 16

Borrelia Burgdorferi Nature Animal Reservoir:

Back 16

Deer

Front 17

Borrelia Burgdorferi Vector:

Back 17

Tick

("Anthropoda Borne Disease")

Front 18

Can Borrelia Burgdorferi be cultured in lab?

Back 18

Yes

Front 19

Borrelia Burgdorferi Virulent Factor:

Back 19

Endoflagellum (mobile)

Front 20

Borrelia Burgdorferi Stages:

Back 20

1 Primary Stage- Erythema Chronicum Migrans ECM (gradually growing reddish lesion)

2 Secondary Stage- Systemic Involvement (joint, carditis, nephritis)

3 Tertiary Stage- Chronic Disease (mortality low, quality of life compromised)

Front 21

is Borrelia Burgdorferi (lyme disease) treatable and preventable?

Back 21

First two stages (infectious disease) treatable by antibiotics

Third stage (immunologic disease) Not treatable by antibiotics

*Vaccine is Available*

Front 22

Test Question Comparison of Syphillis and Lyme Bacteria

Back 22

Same transmission mode for both? False

Both cultured same way? False

Both share antigenic Markers? False

Both show cross immunity? False

Both have similar Progression Pattern? TRUE

Front 23

Helicobacter Pylori causes what disease?

Back 23

Peptic Ulcer

Front 24

Helicobacter Pylori Shape

Back 24

curved rod

Front 25

Helicobacter Pylori how does it work

Back 25

stomach environment is acidic p H 2.0, with a thick Alkaline mucous Barrier. It uses UREASE to neutralize gastric Acid, providing optimal environment for bacteria growth.

Corrosive, erodes a path into gastric wall, gastric acid penetrates into Peptic Ulcer

Front 26

Duodenal Ulcer symptom

Back 26

Pain when stomach is empty

Front 27

Gastric Ulcer symptom

(helicobacter pylori)

Back 27

Pain when stomach is full on middle or left side

Front 28

Helicobacter Pylori Diagnosis

Back 28

Non Invasive Screening Tests:

1 Urea Breath Test

2 Serologic Tests for antibody

Front 29

Urea Breath Test (for helicobacter pylori)

Back 29

Drink a cup of Radioactive C13 or C14, (c12 is normal) then Urease produces C02+NH3, CO2 evaporates out, Radioactive Co2 is detected by Isotopic

Front 30

Serologic Test for Helicobacter Pylori

Back 30

I g M is 1st Antibody to Fight Pathogens (in blood?)

I g G is the Major Antibody (in blood?)

I g A inside secretions, not blood

I g D- B lymphocytes embedded inside cell

I g E- Basophile embedded inside cell

Front 31

Invasive Tests for Helicobacter Pylori

Back 31

Gastric Biopsy

Gastric Endoscope removes gastric tissue, cultured in lab

(Cannot test stool or Gastric Contents, because an insignificant amount of H. Pylori are found in them)

Front 32

Test Question What is the most effective NON invasive Test for Helico Pylori?

Back 32

Detection of Radio Active Carbon from Urea Breath Test

Front 33

Neisseria general Features:

Back 33

1 Oxidase +

2 Diplococci (two cocci stuck together)

3 ONLY Gram Negative Cocci which regularly cause disease (pathogenic)

4 Fastidious- Cannot withstand hardship

5 Easily ID'd- culture in Thayer Martin Agar (chocolate Agar-cooked blood agar to release NAD+ and Hematin out of RBC)

Front 34

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae causes:

Back 34

Gonorrhea

Front 35

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae transmission

Back 35

Sexually Transmitted Disease

Front 36

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Virulent Factor:

Back 36

1 Lipid A Endotoxin

2 Fimbrae/Pili Attachment

Front 37

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Symptoms

Back 37

Male: Purulent Genital Discharge (pus like)

Female: Most Asymptomatic, Some deep Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (fallopian/uterus)

Scarring can cause Eptopic Pregnancy/infertility

Front 38

Nesseria Gonorrhoeae Diagnosis:

Back 38

*Swab genital Discharge (exudate)

1 Culture in Thayer Martin Agar

2 CHO utilization Test:

glucose + positive

Maltose -- negative

Front 39

Nesseria Gonorrhoeae Treatment & Prevention

Back 39

*Some are Penicillin Resistant

*1st Line: Cephalosporin

No vaccine available

Front 40

Neisseria Meningitidis causes:

Back 40

Meningitis

Front 41

Neisseria Meningitis Transmission

Back 41

Via Air Droplets

Front 42

Neisseria Meningitidis Symptoms

Back 42

Headache, Vomiting, Rigid Neck, Shock-Death

w/ Petechiae, black or blue skin rash)

Front 43

Neisseria Meningitidis Diagnosis:

Back 43

withdraw CSF (cerebrospinal fluid),

*centrifuge, culture the bottom Concentrated Part in a Thayer Martin Agar

*CHO Utilization Test:

Glucose + positive

Maltose + Positive

Front 44

Neisseria Meningitidis Pathogenesis:

(virulent Factors)

Back 44

1 Lipid A Endotoxin

2 Fimbrae/Pili Attach to meninge

3 Capsule

Front 45

Neisseria Meningitidis Treatment & Prevention

Back 45

Treatment: Penicillin as 1st Line

Prevention: Vaccine Available

Front 46

Test Question: Compare two species of Neisseria-

Back 46

Do both ferment glucose? yes

Both oxidase +positive? yes

Vaccine for both? only for meningitis

both Penicillin resistant? no, only gonorrhea

A: True for Meningitis, but False for Gonorrhea: CAPSULE

Front 47

Bordetella Pertussis causes what disease

Back 47

Pertussis,

also known as Whooping cough or 100 Days cough

Front 48

Bordetella Pertussis also called

Back 48

Bordet Genzou Basillus

Front 49

Bordetella Pertussis must be cultured in

Back 49

Bordet Genzou Agar

Front 50

Bordetella Pertussis Host

Back 50

Human (no animal reservoir)

Front 51

Bortedella Pertussis transmission

Back 51

via Air droplets

Front 52

Pertussis causes damage by

Back 52

It is a Tracheal Toxin that damages and inhibits Cilia Movement, Raises Cardon dioxide, Lowers Oxygen, stimulates chemoreceptors in brain to create forceful inhalation

Front 53

Phases of Bordetella Pertussis

Back 53

1 Incubation time 1 week

2 Catarrhal phase 2 weeks (non specific symptoms such as fatigue, runny nose, fever etc)

3 Paroxymal Phase 4 weeks (characteristic whooping cough)

4 Convalescent Phase 6 weeks to regrow Cilia recovery phase

Front 54

Labratory Diagnosis of Bordetella Pertussis

Back 54

Labratory Diagnosis: Clinical Specimen, culture bacteria in Bordet Genzou Agar, ID bacteria

(can be detected in Early stage, but greatest detection is at 2nd, Catarrhal Phase)

Front 55

Clinical Diagnosis of Bordetella Pertussis

Back 55

Based on Characteristic Whooping cough in Middle and Late Stages

Front 56

Treatment and Prevention of

Bordetella Pertussis

Back 56

Treatment: Antibiotics

Prevention: DTaP (Diptheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis)

Cannot develop Lifelong Immunity, boosters required at 2, 4, 6, 18 months and 5 and 15 years

Front 57

Test Question: True for Bortedella Pertussis?

Back 57

Can be cultivated on standard media? False

Can be clinically diagnosed in first few days of onset symptoms? False

Vaccine produces life long immunity? False

Organism can be id'd in early stage in lab? True

Front 58

Typical Pneumonia Clinical Symptoms

Back 58

Severe Symptoms such as:

High Fever

Chills

Sputum Producing Cough

Purulent/Rust colored sputum

Chest Pain

Front 59

Causative Agents of Typical Pneumonia:

Back 59

1 Streptococcus Pneumoniae

2 Haemophilus Influenzae

3 Staphylococcus Aureus

4 Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Front 60

Streptococcus Pneumoniae (typical pnuemonia) description

Back 60

Gram Positive, Cocci in Chain

65% of cases

Front 61

Haemophilus Influenzae (typical pneumonia)

description

Back 61

Gram Negative Rods,

Culture in Blood Agar only

Front 62

Staphylococcus Aureus (typical pneumonia)

description

Back 62

Gram Positive Cocci in Cluster

Front 63

Klebsiella Pneumonia (typical pneumonia)

description

Back 63

Gram Negative Rods

Culture in General Media

Front 64

Atypical Pneumonia (Walking Pneumonia)

Clinical Symptoms:

Back 64

Mild symptoms:

Low/mid grade fever

No chills

Dry cough

Front 65

Atypical Pneumonia (walking pneumonia) Causative Agents:

Back 65

1 Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

2 Chlamydia Pneumoniae

3 Legionella Pneumophilia

Front 66

Mycoplasma Pneumonie (atypical pneumonia)

description:

Back 66

*lack cell wall, so Gram stain can't be applied

*Hide inside host as Obligate Intracellular Parasite

* PleoMorphological Shape: Fried Egg Colony on Plate

Front 67

Chlamydia Pneumoniae (atypical pneumonia) description:

Back 67

*Lack Metabolic Enzymes, Can't apply Gram stain

* Relies on Host's ATPs, Obligate Intracellular Parasite

Front 68

Legionella Pneumophilia (atypical pneumonia) description:

Back 68

*Gram Negative Rods

*Culture in Charcoal Yeast Agar

*Fastidious-

*in Nature: Aquatic Protozoa Parasite

example: inside Amoeba in AC Condensation

Front 69

Legionella Pneumophila (atypical pneumonia) Diagnosis and Disease name

Back 69

Legionare's Disease

Serologic Test and Xray

Front 70

Test Question: Clinical Symptoms dry cough,

Gram Negative rods, only grows on Charcoal Agar, what bacteria is it?

Back 70

Legionella Pneumophila

Front 71

Lab Practical Question

2 Tests used to figure out staph vs. strep

Back 71

1 Catalase ( Staph +, Strepto-)

2 Gram Stain

(Staph Cocci in Cluster, Strep Cocci in chain)

Front 72

How to tell if Staph is pathogenic or opportunistic

Back 72

Pathogenic Staff- Coagulase and Manitol Positive

Opportunistic Staff- Coagulase and Manitol Negative

Front 73

More than 90% of this bacteria's subtypes are penicillin resistant:

Back 73

Staphylococcus Aureus

Front 74

More than 50% of this bacteria's subtypes are

Methicillin Resistant (MRSA)

Back 74

Staphylococcus Aureus

Front 75

Vancomysin Sensitive pathogen

Back 75

Staphylococcus Aureus

Front 76

Staphylococcus General features:

Back 76

*Gram Positive Cocci in Cluster

*Catalase Positive

*Facultative Anaerobe

*Beta Lactamase opens B-Lactam ring, breaks down penicillin, develops penicillin resistance

Front 77

Staphylococcus Aureus (pathogenic) Diseases

Back 77

*skin infections: impetigo, folliculitis, furuncle (boil), Carbuncle, Abscess

*Exotoxins- Vomiting/Diarrhea less than 4 hours incubation time

*TSST- Toxic Shock Syndrome

*Exfoliate Toxin-Scalded Skin Syndrome

Front 78

Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Back 78

Opportunistic Skin Flora

Front 79

test question:

Patient with many symptoms, blood test show

Gram Positive Cocci, Catalase Positive, Coagulation Negative, Non Mannitol Fermenter

Back 79

Staphylococcus Epidermis

Front 80

streptococcus general features

Back 80

gram positive cocci in chain

catalase negative

facultative anaerobe

Most Diverse Gram Positive genus

Front 81

Streptococcus Classification

Back 81

1 Lancefield Classification Major Grouping,

Based on C Carbohydrate in Cell Wall

Groups A, B, C, D......U

2 Hemolytic Classification

Front 82

Most Pathogenic Streptococcus are in which group?

Back 82

Group A

Front 83

What used to be called Group D streptococcus is now what genus?

Back 83

Enterococcus Genus

Front 84

What test is done to determine Enterococcus Genus

Back 84

Bile Esculin Test

Front 85

Medium for Bile Esculin Test

Back 85

40% Bile in Bile Esculin Slant

Front 86

Results of Bile Esculin Test

Back 86

If there is growth, then it's Bile Resistant B+

Brown=Esculin User E+

Possibilities:

B-E-

B+E-

B+E+

(no B-E+)

B-E- Streptococcus

B+E+-Enterococcus

Front 87

Strep Throat pathogen

Back 87

Streptococcus Pyogenes

Front 88

Hemolytic Classification of Streptococcus

Back 88

Alpha- Incomplete (Greenish Zone)

Beta- Complete (clear zone) *Pathogenic*

Gamma- No change (no zone)

Front 89

Streptococcus Pneumonia

Back 89

Incomplete hemolytic (greenish zone)

60% of pneumonia cases,

virulent factor is capsule

Front 90

Streptococcus Viridans Group

Back 90

Incomplete hemolytic (greenish zone)

ex: streptococcus oralis

streptococcus salivarius (plaque in teeth/dental decay and cavity)

Front 91

Streptococcus Pyogenes

group A Streptococcus causes

Back 91

GASD (group A strepto disease)

Examples:

Skin infection

flesh eating disease

Pharyngitis

Front 92

Strep Throat Complications

Back 92

Scarlet Fever

Rheumatic Fever

Acute Glomerular Nephritis

(Auto Immune Disease)

Front 93

Virulent Factors of Streptococcus Pyogenes

Back 93

*Streptolysin S- RBC lysis (oxygen stable)

*Streptolysin O-Body Cell lysis (oxygen labile)

(strep throat is from streptolysin O)

*DNAase- Breakdown vscious thick necrotic tissue, becomes loose, bacteria spread out

*Erythrogenic Toxin-produce red pigment, Scarlet fever

*Autoantibody-target self tissue, auto immune disease (ex: rheumatic fever, acute glomer.)

Front 94

Streptococcus Pyogenes diagnosis

Back 94

1 swab throat

2 culture

3 streptococcus? if yes, then check serologic tests

ASD (anti streptolysin O antibody)

ADB ( anti DNAase B antibody) (negative, carrier

positive, active infection case)

Front 95

staphylococcus general features

Back 95

-gram positive cocci in cluster

-catalase positive

-facultative anaerobe

-beta lactamase opens beta lactam ring, breaks down antibiotics(penicillin), develop penicillin resistance

Front 96

Clostridium Botulinum causes what disease

Back 96

Botulism

Front 97

Botulism transmission example

Back 97

contaminated food such as canned food

(anaerobic environment)

Front 98

Clostridium botulinum features

Back 98

*gram positive,

*rods,

*anaerobic,

*spore forming

* motile bacterium

Front 99

most deadly toxin (neurotoxin)

Back 99

botulinum toxin

lethal dose 0.1 mg per person

Front 100

how botulinum toxin works

Back 100

*inhibits acetyl choline release at Neuro Muscular Junction

*blocks Neuro Muscular Junction transmission

*muscle stays in relaxed state (flaccid paralysis)

Front 101

Cosmetic application of botulinum toxin

Back 101

Botox

Front 102

Clostridium Tetani causes

Back 102

Tetanus

Front 103

Clostridium Tetani description

Back 103

*gram positive

*rod

*obligate anaerobe

*spore forming

Front 104

mode of transmission for Clostridium Tetani

Back 104

via skin cut/injury, especially with rusty tools because of the anaerobic environment

Front 105

clostridium tetani affects:

Back 105

it is a neurotoxin that affects the neuron itself

the toxin acts on the inhibitory neuron of antagonist muscle, so the antagonists contracts instead of relaxing... the agonist and antagonist are both contracted, resulting in stiff muscles (spastic paralysis)

Front 106

clostridium tetani transport in body

Back 106

Retroaxonal, travels backward on axon directly to the brain, enters inhibitory neuron and causes both muscles (agonist & antagonist) to contract

Front 107

Atypical Bacteria General Features

Back 107

*Obligate Intracellular Parasites (hide inside host cell) lacks either metabolic enzymes or cell wall

*Gram Stain Cannot Apply (because they hide inside host cell)

*Cell Wall inhibitor Antibiotic Resistant ( such as penicillin resistant)

* Other types of Antibiotics needed (ex: Erythromycin, protein synthesis inhibitor)

Front 108

Rickettsia Rickettsii (atypical bacteria)

causes what disease

Back 108

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Front 109

Rickettsia Rickettsii vector and pattern

Back 109

tick (bacteria via tick bite enters human bloodstream, damage endothelial cells, causes minor hemorrhage- the spotted rash

Front 110

Host Cell of Rickettsia Rickettsii

Back 110

endothelial cell

Front 111

Chlamydia Trachomatis (atypical bacteria) causes what 2 diseases

Back 111

1- Trachoma-Conjunctivitis, leading cause for blindness in the world

2 Nongonococcal Urithritis (NGU) most common STD in US. most cases asymptomatic/undiagnosed/untreated

Front 112

Host Cells for Chlamydia Trachomatis

(atypical bacteria)

Back 112

Epithelial Cells in the eyelids and reproductive tract

Front 113

2 Morphological Forms in Life Cycle of

Chlamydia Trachomatis

Back 113

1- EB elementary body, extracellular/infectious form

2-RB reticular body, intracellular form, causes division, produces Inclusion Body, releases more EB's outside of cell

Front 114

True or False about Chlamydia

Back 114

Gram Positive? False

Inclusion formed from Elementary Body? False

Sensitive to Penicillin? False

Extracellular form? False

Mostly Asymptomatic/Untreated? True

Front 115

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (atypical Bacteria)

cause what disease?

Back 115

Walking Pneumonia

Front 116

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae features

Back 116

*lack cell Wall, pleomorphological shape

*In nature: Obligate Intracellular Parasite

*Has Metabolic Enzymes, can grow outside cell

*Smallest bacteria that can grow in cell Free Media

*Produces Fried Egg Shaped Colony

Front 117

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (atypical bacteria)

Treatment

Back 117

Erythromycin (NOT penicillin)

Front 118

Test Question:

True or False about Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Back 118

Pleomorphilogical shape? True

Fried Egg Shaped Colony? True

Intracellular Habitat? True

Small Bacteria, no Cell Wall? True

2 Morphological Forms? False

Front 119

Clostridium Perfringens causes

Back 119

Gas Gangrene (necrosis, putrefaction of tissues, and gas production)

Front 120

Clostridium Perfringens features

Back 120

*Gram positive rod

* anaerobic

*spore forming

Front 121

Clostridium Difficile causes

Back 121

Pseudomembranous Colitis (diarrhea) usually

after antibiotics use

Salt inhibits

Yogurt builds up new (good) bacteria in the intestinal tract

Front 122

Clostridium Difficile description

Back 122

*gram Positive

*spore forming

*anaerobic

*motile

Front 123

Bacillus Anthracis causes

Back 123

Anthrax in four forms:

*Cutaneous-black dry skin lesion (eschar)most common form

*Inhalation-fatal

*gastrointestinal-also highly fatal

* injection

Front 124

Bacillus Anthraces features

Back 124

*Gram positive rods

* Spore forming

Front 125

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae causes

Back 125

Diphtheria (swollen neck, leather patch in throat, sore throat, fever, obstructed airways, can be fatal)

(spread through direct contact or via air droplets, contaminated objects)

Vaccination available (TDaP)

Front 126

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae description

Back 126

*gram positive rod

*aerobe

*non-spore forming

Front 127

Clostridium- aerobe or anaerobe

Back 127

Anaerobe, gram positive rods

Front 128

Bacillus anthraces and Corynebacterium

aerobe or anaerobe

Back 128

Aerobe, gram positive rods

Front 129

Virus General Features

Back 129

*acellular fragment

*Obligate Intracellular Parasite

Front 130

Virus Structures:

Back 130

1 Viral Gene- DNA~or~RNA (can't have both)

2 Caspid- Viral Protein Coating

3 Envelope- Host Cell's Membrane (may or may not have this)

Front 131

Virus Life Cycle (replication)

Back 131

1 Attachment

2 Entry

3 Synthesis of Viral Gene

4 Assembly of New Viruses

5 Release Out

Front 132

Classification of Viruses

Back 132

*DNA or RNA (single stranded, double stranded, or Retrovirus)

*Enveloped or Noneveloped

*Shape- of the Caspid

-Helical

-Polyhedral

-Complex

Front 133

Virus Transcription

Back 133

*by Transcriptase

*one strand as template

*DNA dependent, RNA polymerase

Front 134

Adenine pairs with_________

Guanine pairs with_________

Back 134

In DNA,

Adenine-Thymine

Guanine-Cytosine

(in mRNA, Adenine goes with Uracil)

Front 135

DNA----mRNA----Translation-------Protein

Back 135

Virus Transcription

Front 136

+SS RNA virus

Back 136

Directly Acts as mRNA encoding protein

Front 137

--SS RNA virus

Back 137

Indirectly acts as mRNA as template

complimentary RNA, encoding, then protein

Front 138

RetroVirus

Back 138

+SS RNA--Reverse transcription (by reverse transcriptase)---DNA---TRanscription----mRNA---translation----Protein

(RNA dependent, DNA polymerase)

Front 139

DNA Virus Double Strand Enveloped:

Back 139

Largest: Pox Virus-Small Pox (Variolla)

Human Herpes Virus with 8 subtypes

Front 140

DNA Virus Double Strand Enveloped

Human Herpes Virus 8 subtypes:

Back 140

1 oral herpes

2 genital herpes

*3 chicken pox (varicella)(shingles)

*4 Burkitt's Lymphoma (nasopharyngeal cancer, infectious mononucleosis)

5 Birth Defect

6 Roseola

7 Unknown

*8 Kaposi's sarcoma (skin cancer) AIDs related

Front 141

DNA Virus Double Strand UnEnveloped

Back 141

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

causes warts condyloma accumina

Subtypes 16&18- Cervical Cancer

Front 142

DNA Virus Single Strand UnEnveloped

Back 142

Parvovirus- Erythema Infectiosum

(Fifth Disease or slapped cheek disease)

Front 143

DNA Virus Mixed (single/double strand),

Enveloped

example:

Back 143

HBV Hepatitis B

Front 144

RNA Virus Single Strand RNA

(positive Single Strand RNA directly acts as mRNA)

Unenveloped (3 examples):

Back 144

1 Polio Virus (somatic motor neuron)

2 HAV (Hepatitis A)

3 HEV (Hepatitis E)

* ALL ORAL/FECAL TRANSMISSION*

Front 145

RNA Virus Single StrandRNA

Enveloped 2 Examples:

Back 145

1 West Nile Virus (meningoencephalitis)

2 HCV (Hepatitis C)

*BOTH VIA BODY FLUIDS*

Front 146

RNA Virus Single Strand RNA

RetroVirus

example:

Back 146

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Front 147

Host for Human Immunodeficiency Virus:

Back 147

CD-4 T Lymphocyte

Front 148

HIV reduces CD4# to less than 200

Back 148

AIDs stage, death in 1-2 years

Front 149

Opportunistic Disorders resulting from HIV reducing CD4 count to under 200

Back 149

Viral:

1 HHV-1 &2 (Herpes)

2 HHV 8- Keposi's Sarcoma

Bacterial:

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB)

Fungal:

1 Candida Albicans (Thrush)

2 Pneumocystis Carinii (Pneumocystic Pneumonia PCP)

Protozoa:

Cryptosporidium (chronic Diarrhea)

Front 150

RNA Virus Negative Single Strand RNA (indirectly acts as mRNA)

Enveloped

3 Examples:

Back 150

1 HDV (Hepatitis D)

2 Influenza Virus (Flu)

3 Ebola Virus (Hemorrhagic Fever)

Front 151

Two Types of Immunity

Back 151

1 Cell Mediated Immunity

2 Antibody Mediated Immunity

Both need CD 4 Tlymphocyte to signal

Front 152

Which Hepatitis Viruses are Positive, Single Strand RNA, Unenveloped, Oral/Fecal Route

and usually a favorable prognosis? (2)

Back 152

Hep A and Hep E

Front 153

Which Hepatitis Virus is Positive, Single Strand RNA Enveloped, Body Fluid Transmission, unfavorable prognosis? (1)

Back 153

Hep C

Front 154

Which Hepatitis Virus is Mixed DNA, Enveloped, Body Fluid Transmission, Unfavorable prognosis?

Back 154

Hep B

Front 155

Which Hepatitis Virus is Negative, Single Strand RNA, Enveloped, Body Fluid transmission, unfavorable prognosis?

Back 155

Hep D

Front 156

Which Hepatitis Virus is defective meaning it cannot act alone?

What virus must it co- infect with?

Back 156

Hep D

Must co infect with Hep B

Front 157

Which Hepatitis Virus has a favorable prognosis, except for in pregnant women?

Back 157

Hep E (can cause liver to shrink, sudden death)