Massage

Front 1

the therapeutic manipulation of the soft tissues of the body with a goal of normalization of those tissues

Back 1

عرفي المساج اول تعريف

Front 2

Also defined as hand motions practiced on the surface of a living body with a therapeutic goal.

Back 2

عرفي المساج ثاني تعريف

Front 3

•reflexive

•mechanical

Back 3

Effects of massage may be either———- or.........

Front 4

Mechanical Effects

Back 4

Techniques which stretch a muscle, elongate fascia or mobilize soft tissue adhesions or restrictions. It makes mechanical or histological changes in myofascial structures through direct force applied superficially

Front 5

reflex effects

Back 5

Mechanical Effects Always accompanied by some———-

Front 6

Mechanical Effects

Back 6

Directed at deeper tissues, such as adhesions or restrictions in muscle, tendons, and fascia

Front 7

 Mechanical stretching of intramuscular connective tissue

 Manually separates muscle fibers reducing muscle spasm

 Relaxes muscle and relieves muscular tension

 Relieve pain and discomfort associated with myofascial trigger points

 Increase blood flow to skeletal muscle

 Increase range of motion

Back 7

a- Effects of mechanical massage on muscle

Front 8

 Increase in skin temperature

 Increases sweating

 Mechanically loosens adhesions and softens scar

 Stretches and breaks down fibrous scar tissue

 Breaks down adhesions between skin and subcutaneous tissue

Back 8

b- Effects of mechanical massage on skin:

Front 9

Reflexive effects

Back 9

Affects sensory and motor nerves locally and some central nervous system response. Contact stimulates cutaneous receptors

Front 10

autonomic nervous system phenomenon

Back 10

Reflex mechanism is believed to be an————————-

Front 11

•sedation

•tension

•blood flow

Back 11

The reflex stimulus causes———-, relieves————, increases———-

Front 12

gate control & -endorphins

Back 12

Reflexive effects Modulates pain through————&————

Front 13

Reflexive effects on cerculation

Back 13

Assists in removal of edema

Front 14

Increase blood flow

Light touch causes transient dilation of lymphatics and small capillaries and results in increased temperature in area

Increased lymphatic flow

Back 14

Effects of Reflexive effects on Circulation

Front 15

Effects of Reflexive effects on Metabolism

Back 15

 Does not alter general metabolism

 No alterations in acid-base equilibrium of blood

 No significant effects on cardiovascular system

 Assists in removal and hastens resynthesis of lactic acid

Front 16

 Psychological effects of massage can be as beneficial as physiologic effects

 “Hands on” effect helps patients feel as if someone is helping them

 Lowers psycho-emotional and somatic arousal

o Tension&anxiety

Back 16

Psychological Effects of Massage

Front 17

1. Mobilize interstitial fluid2. Reduce or modify edema

3. Increase blood flow

4. Decrease muscle soreness or stiffness

5. Alleviate pain6. Prevent or eliminate adhesions

7. Facilitate relaxation

Back 17

Goals of massage

Front 18

1. Adhesions

2. Muscle spasm3. Edema

4. Pain5. Reynaud's disease

6. Intermittent claudications 7. Dysmenorrhea

8. Headaches and Migraines 9. Scar tissue

Back 18

Indications of massage

Front 19

a- Malignancy c- Acute Infections, inflammations d- Scars that are not fully healed e- Patients on anti-coagulants g- Calcified soft tissue i- Skin grafts f-Area where there is bleeding h-Phlebitis j- Atrophic skin b- Thrombi, Atherosclerotic plaques

Back 19

Contraindications

Front 20

•Every massage begins and ends with effleurage

•Increases venous and lymphatic flow

•Increases circulation to skin surface

•Start with a light pressure; move centripetally or centrifugally consistently throughout treatment

Back 20

Effleurage (Stroking) فايدة

Front 21

pressure to produce a mechanical effect

Back 21

•Deep stroking is a form of effleurage, except it is given with more—————————-

Front 22

 Longitudinal Effleurage

 Hand over hand Effleurage

 Transverse Effleurage

 Thumb Effleurage

 Circular Effleurage

Back 22

Types of Effleurage

Front 23

Petrissage (Kneading)

Back 23

Strokes that attempt to lift the muscle mass and wring or squeeze it gently

Front 24

Petrissage (Kneading):

Back 24

Soft tissue is compressed between the hand or fingers of the therapist and gently squeezed as the hands move in a circular motion perpendicular to the direction of compression

Front 25

Hands may remain stationary or move along length of muscle or limb

Back 25

Position of hands in Petrissage (Kneading):

Front 26

 Purpose is to increase venous and lymphatic return and to press metabolic waste products out of affected areas through intensive vigorous action

 Can also break up adhesions between skin and underlying tissue

Back 26

Purpose of Petrissage (Kneading)

Front 27

 Skin Rolling

 Alternating two-hand petrissage

 One-hand petrissage

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Types of Petrissage (Kneading):

Front 28

Friction massage

Back 28

Pressure of varying intensities is applied with the ball of the thumb or fingers

Front 29

30s to 10m

Back 29

Friction massage time

Front 30

Friction massage:

Back 30

Considered as the most important massage technique———

Front 31

Friction massage

Back 31

No lubricant used

Front 32

•Massage into deep joint spaces or around bony prominences

•Breakdown connective tissue and scar adhesions except deep fibrositis in muscle belly

•For pain reduction through mechanism of counter irritation and hyper stimulation analgesia

Back 32

Purposes of friction

Front 33

•Superficial warming friction

•Cross-fiber technique

•Circular friction

Back 33

Types of friction

Front 34

Cross fiber friction

Back 34

Technique for treating chronic tendon inflammation

Front 35

Cross fiber friction

Back 35

Use strong pressure in perpendicular direction to fibers for 7 to 10 minutes every other day

Front 36

Tapotement (percussion) massage:

Back 36

The skin and muscle are impacted with repetitive compressive blows by the hands

Front 37

1. Used when stimulation is desired

2. Usually performed in athletes

3. Can be done to prepare patient for stretching

4. Used to loosen mucus in the lungs

Back 37

Purposes of Tapotement (percussion) massage

Front 38

Variations of Tapotement (percussion) massage

Back 38

 Hacking

 Cupping

 Fist beating

 Clapping

Front 39

Vibration

Back 39

A fine tremulous movement made by the hand or fingers placed firmly against a part. Hands should remain in contact and a rhythmical trembling movement will come from arms

Front 40

Vibration

Back 40

Follows the path of the nerve in treatment of peripheral neuritis

Front 41

electrical vibrator

Back 41

Vibration Can be used better with———————

Front 42

•Used for a soothing effect especially in peripheral neuritis

•Can be used to relax antagonist muscle through reciprocal inhibition

•Can be used to loosen consolidations in the lungs

Back 42

Purpose of Vibration:

Front 43

Shaking فايدة

Back 43

•Relaxes muscle groups or an entire limb

•Warms and prepares the body for deeper bodywork

•Indicated for extremely tight muscles

Front 44

Acupressure

Back 44

Massage forces are applied using the fingers on acupuncture points Localized finger pressure coupled by circular movements. Pressure is increased until pressure becomes heavy then held constant

Front 45

Reflexology and auriculotherapy

Back 45

All parts of the body are believed to be mapped to different point on the foot (reflexology) or the ear (auriculotherapy) and massage of a point produces change in the structure mapped to that point

Front 46

Shiatsu

Back 46

•Shi (finger) and atsu (pressure)

•Japanese form of acupuncture

•Pressure is applied at specific points (meridians)

Front 47

 Knowledge of anatomy essential

 Understanding of existing pathology

 Thorough knowledge of massage principles

Back 47

Prerequisites of massage

Front 48

 Positioning will allow relaxation, prevent fatigue, and permit free movement of arms, hands, and body

 Weight evenly distributed and should shift from one foot to the other

 Fit your hands to contour of area being treated

 Hands should be warm

Back 48

Positioning of Clinician

Front 49

the type and amount of tissue present and patient's condition

Back 49

Pressure regulation determined by——————-

Front 50

•steady-even

•pathology, size of the area being treated, speed of motion, age, size, and condition

Back 50

 Rhythm must be______ and_____

 Duration depends on the—————-

Front 51

•facilitate lymphatic flow

•overlap

•line with venous

•rhythmic

Back 51

 With swelling begin proximally to_________________

 Stroke should————

 Pressure should be in———————— flow followed by a return stroke

 All strokes should be——-.

Front 52

 Table

 Linens and pillows

 Lubricant

 Should be absorbed slightly by skin but does not make it slippery

 Combination of one part beeswax to three parts coconut oil

 Other types of lubricants that may be used are olive oil, mineral oil, cocoa butter, hydrolanolin, analgesic creams, alcohol, powder

Back 52

Equipment Set Up:

Front 53

True

Back 53

Massage should never be painful

Front 54

parallel

Back 54

Direction of forces in message should be————- to muscle fibers

Front 55

True

Back 55

Begin and end with effleurage

Front 56

True

Back 56

 Make sure patient is warm and in a comfortable, relaxed position

Front 57

True

Back 57

Body part may be elevated if necessary

Front 58

True

Back 58

Sufficient lubricant should be used

Front 59

superficial

Back 59

Begin with————- stroking to spread lubricant

Front 60

 Friction-reducing medium Rhythm

 Rate Pressure Direction

 Area to be treated Duration

 Frequency Duration of the program

Back 60

Treatment variables

Front 61

effleurage

Back 61

Therapist’s hands glide across the skin overlying the muscle being treated

Front 62

Effleurage (Stroking) Deep stroking

Back 62

is a form of effleurage, except it is given with more pressure to produce a mechanical effect