Ls15 Chapter 24

Front 1

If a high dose of time-released testosterone is given to a male songbird, which of the following is not a likely effect?

Back 1

He would have a longer life span than most other males.

Front 2

Which of the following hormones has been linked to hypnotic, sedative-like effects contributing to sleep efficiency?

Back 2

melatonin

Front 3

The endocrine system is largely dependent on the _____________ in order to operate effectively.

Back 3

the circulatory system

Front 4

The pancreas secretes two hormones that have the opposite effect. What are the names of these two hormones and what are their effects?

Back 4

Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by cells and lowers blood glucose levels; glucagon raises blood glucose levels.

Front 5

In its most basic definition, the endocrine system involves:

Back 5

gland organs and the hormones they secrete.

Front 6

What hormone has been shown to reach high levels in both competitors and fans, during and after winning a competition?

Back 6

testosterone

Front 7

Which of the following are NOT endocrine glands?

Back 7

salivary glands

Front 8

More boys than girls have been winners of competitions testing the knowledge of geography. Researchers have sought to explain this by proposing that:

Back 8

the greater spatial ability measured in boys, compared to girls, may translate into a greater ability to read maps.

Front 9

The anterior pituitary gland secretes all of the following hormones except:

Back 9

oxytocin

Front 10

Which of the following has been called the "cuddle chemical"?

Back 10

oxytocin

Front 11

Which is true about the pituitary gland?

Back 11

It is controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain.

Front 12

Why has the hormone oxytocin been called "trust in a bottle"?

Back 12

Oxytocin nasal spray has been shown to increase trusting behavior towards others.

Front 13

The function of the parathyroid glands is to:

Back 13

raise blood calcium levels.

Front 14

Which hormone, when released from the pancreas, is responsible for lowering the glucose level in the blood?

Back 14

insulin

Front 15

___________ hormone promotes the development of all tissues in a vertebrate's body by increasing protein synthesis and division rates.

Back 15

Growth

Front 16

Several athletes are known to have taken illegal performance-enhancing drugs to increase their performance. Which of the following substances has been most frequently used?

Back 16

testosterone

Front 17

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by means of:

Back 17

releasing hormones.

Front 18

Which of the following controls the vast amount of the endocrine system's action in vertebrates?

Back 18

the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Front 19

Why are steroid hormone complexes with their receptors able to directly bind to DNA to influence gene expression, whereas peptide hormones must influence gene expression indirectly?

Back 19

Steroid hormones are lipid-based, allowing them pass through the lipid-composed cell membrane to enter the cell and directly bind to DNA. Peptide hormones are not lipid-based and therefore cannot pass through the cell membrane.

Front 20

Which organ in animals acts as the internal thermostat?

Back 20

the hypothalamus

Front 21

Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder where the antibodies attack cells in a certain gland, gradually destroying it. All the different symptoms of this disorder are due to the individual's permanent slower metabolism. From this description, which gland would you propose is affected by Hashimoto's disease?

Back 21

the thyroid gland

Front 22

Which of the following behaviors has been demonstratively linked to testosterone levels?

Back 22

The performance a person may have on a test of spatial ability.

Front 23

ADH stands for Antidiuretic Hormone. What is this hormone's main function?

Back 23

to make the kidneys more permeable to water

Front 24

Peptide hormones bind to _____________ receptors while steroid hormones bind to _____________ receptors.

Back 24

cell surface; internal cell

Front 25

Compared to the endocrine system, the nervous system:

Back 25

is responsible for focused, single cell delivery of messages.

Front 26

Testosterone supplementation does NOT:

Back 26

decrease a man's self esteem.

Front 27

Why does the release of synthetic and natural chemicals into the environment cause a reduction in wild populations?

Back 27

They block or interfere with the normal functioning of animal hormones.

Front 28

The pancreas secretes two hormones that have the opposite effect. What are the names of these two hormones and what are their effects?

Back 28

Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by cells and lowers blood glucose levels; glucagon raises blood glucose levels.

Front 29

Which of the following has been called the "master control gland of the endocrine system"?

Back 29

None of the above could be called a "master control gland"

Front 30

The banning of which of the following compounds is cited as the instrumental reason why bald eagles have returned from near extinction?

Back 30

DDT

Front 31

If a five-year-old girl develops carcinogenic tumors in her ovaries and they are removed, which of the following is a likely consequence?

Back 31

She may not develop breasts and other secondary sexual characteristics when she becomes a teenager.

Front 32

The _______________ is situated between the two hemispheres of the brain. It releases ________________, which regulates _________________.

Back 32

pineal gland; melatonin; photoperiodicity

Front 33

The _____________ gland releases melatonin, which is a hormone important for reproduction in certain mammals.

Back 33

pineal

Front 34

Castrated men are more likely to:

Back 34

have longer lifespans.

Front 35

The hypothalamus secretes which two of the following hormones into the posterior pituitary gland, from which they enter the blood stream and act on their target cells?

Back 35

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Front 36

In the study where test subjects were given an oxytocin nasal spray, these people:

Back 36

Were more trusting of others, especially in thinking they would get a return on their investment.

Front 37

For a hormone to fulfill its function, it must be able to recognize and respond to a very select number of cells in the body. What is the appropriate name for the type of cell that binds a particular hormone?

Back 37

target cell

Front 38

How does a nerve cell communicate with a target cell?

Back 38

The nerve cell releases neurotransmitters into the synapse, where they stimulate the target cell.

Front 39

For what reason might a physician prescribe birth control pills to a woman who is not sexually active?

Back 39

Supplementary estrogen taken by pre-menopausal women can reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.

Front 40

Which of the following controls the vast amount of the endocrine system's action in vertebrates?

Back 40

the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Front 41

What are the two primary means by which communication between parts of a multi-cellular animal is accomplished?

Back 41

neural and hormonal

Front 42

Which hormone is most closely associated with anxiety in animals?

Back 42

cortisol

Front 43

Which of the following statements, if true, best supports the suggestion that endocrine systems in living things might have evolved earlier than nervous systems?

Back 43

Plants have endocrine systems but they don't have nervous systems.

Front 44

The anterior pituitary gland secretes all of the following hormones except:

Back 44

insulin.

Front 45

Which hormone appears to enhance a person's ability to quickly and accurately repeat a phrase like "How much wood would a woodchuck chuck, if a woodchuck could chuck wood"?

Back 45

estrogen

Front 46

When hormones enter the anterior pituitary gland through the anterior pituitary pathway, which of the following glands did they immediately come from?

Back 46

the hypothalamus

Front 47

Which of the following glands controls the activity of all of the others?

Back 47

hypothalamus

Front 48

Which of the following are NOT endocrine glands?

Back 48

sweat glands

Front 49

In a study on cognitive performance, at what point in the menstrual cycle are women supposedly at their sharpest, at least in speaking a tongue-twister?

Back 49

during the midpoint in the ovulatory cycle

Front 50

Which of the following is NOT true about hormones?

Back 50

They can increase the rate of nerve impulses to muscles.

Front 51

Which of the following has been used as an expression for environmental endocrine disruptors, because of their effects on wildlife?

Back 51

"gender-bending chemicals"

Front 52

The target cells of the hormone ______ are located in a woman's breasts and uterus. This hormone causes its target cells to contract, which releases milk from the breast cells to feed an infant and causes the painful contractions of the uterus that push out the newborn during labor.

Back 52

oxytocin

Front 53

Which of the following is a possible adverse effect (in men) of taking supplemental testosterone?

Back 53

increased blood pressure

Front 54

The banning of which of the following compounds is cited as the instrumental reason why bald eagles have returned from near extinction?

Back 54

DDT

Front 55

Many female bodybuilders take steroids (testosterone) to increase muscle mass and achieve their body shape. The consequences can include all of the following except:

Back 55

increased concentration.

Front 56

Human sex hormones are classified as which type of biological molecule?

Back 56

lipid

Front 57

Which of the following statements is NOT true about cortisol?

Back 57

It is released from the pituitary gland.

Front 58

Which of the following probably has little or no effect on cognitive performance?

Back 58

overproduction of thyroxine

Front 59

The hypothalamus secretes which two of the following hormones into the posterior pituitary gland, from which they enter the blood stream and act on their target cells?

Back 59

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Front 60

Which of the following components of the endocrine system develops at the roof of the mouth and grows upward and eventually detaches?

Back 60

anterior pituitary

Front 61

In rodents, the hormone estrogen has been linked to:

Back 61

obsessive-compulsive behavior.

Front 62

The ___________ gland is a two-lobed structure at the front of the larynx and trachea in the neck. One of the major hormones released by this gland is _____________.

Back 62

thyroid; thyroxine

Front 63

The target organs of insulin are:

Back 63

the muscles and the liver.

Front 64

Which of the following statements is NOT true about cortisol?

Back 64

It is released from the pituitary gland.

Front 65

The hypothalamus secretes which two hormones into the posterior pituitary gland, from which they enter the bloodstream and act on their target cells?

Back 65

oxytocin and ADH

Front 66

A new hormone is discovered that enters a target cell and binds to a protein within. What else is probably true about this hormone?

Back 66

It is probably fat-soluble.

Front 67

A woman who is in the post-menstrual of her ovulatory cycle is tested for her performance on cognitive abilities. This woman has a congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Which of the following would you expect to learn about this woman's cognitive performance?

Back 67

She has increased spatial ability.

Front 68

As a result of losing a sports competition, researchers have found that:

Back 68

testosterone drop sharply.
ONLY

Front 69

Which of the following is NOT true about research into hormones and cognitive performance?

Back 69

c. As men get older and more experienced, their performance on spatial ability tests increases.

Front 70

Suppose you are brought a pregnant red fox that has possibly died of DDT poisoning. Where in the fox's body would you expect to find the DDT if it were present?

Back 70

Fatty tissue should contain the greatest concentration of DDT.

Front 71

What important issue has arisen about the evidence that castrating sex offenders is effective in stopping their behavior?

Back 71

The evidence on repeat offenders is self-reported by the castrated offenders themselves.

Front 72

Which of the following appears to be an effect of normal reproductive hormone levels?

Back 72

occasional depression

Front 73

Which of the following is a known effect of endocrine disruptors on invertebrate animals?

Back 73

Feminization of male genitals.

Front 74

Which of the following is NOT associated with increased levels of estrogen, as produced by hormone replacement therapy?

Back 74

increased risk of Addison's disease.

Front 75

Which of the following is supported by research about hormones, health, and longevity?

Back 75

High concentrations of estrogen in women are associated with a greater risk of endometrial cancer.

Front 76

Testosterone injections in men have been shown to:

Back 76

decrease production of fat-storage cells.

Front 77

Which of the following was concluded from a follow-up study concerning the oxytocin investor-trustee study?

Back 77

Oxytocin specifically increases trust in another human, not, for example, a computer.

Front 78

The anterior pituitary gland releases all of the following hormones EXCEPT:

Back 78

antidiuretic hormone (ADH).