Ls15 Chapter 23

Front 1

Which of the following organisms probably has the poorest ability to sense airborne chemicals?

Back 1

earthworms

Front 2

What is the function of glial cells?

Back 2

assist and nourish neurons

Front 3

The disease multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by:

Back 3

progressive damage to the myelin insulating neurons, reducing their ability to conduct electrical signals.

Front 4

A person suffers a stroke that damages Broca's area in the left temporal lobe. Which of the following is a likely result or symptom of this damage?

Back 4

the person cannot form words properly

Front 5

Sensory cells in the organs of balance, motion, and hearing are all:

Back 5

mechanoreceptors

Front 6

When a neurotransmitter reacts with an excitatory synapse it ______________ the probability the action potential will continue onto the second neuron. When a neurotransmitter reacts with an inhibitory synapse it _________________ the probability the action potential will continue onto the second neuron.

Back 6

increases; decreases

Front 7

What is the process or processes by which all our senses operate?

Back 7

Outside stimuli are processed by sensory structures and sent as electrical impulses to the brain.

Front 8

Neurons conduct and receive information from other neurons in the form of electrical currents. The receiving end of the neuron is the _______________ while the conducting end of the neuron is the ______________. In between one neuron's conductor and other's neuron's receiver is a space called the ______________.

Back 8

dendrite; axon; synapse.

Front 9

How do arthropods expand their skeleton as they grow bigger?

Back 9

They shed or molt their skeleton and grow a new, larger one.

Front 10

Which of the following is NOT a type of neurotransmitter?

Back 10

caffeine

Front 11

What event initiates an action potential?

Back 11

Sodium channels opening.

Front 12

The sense of hearing differs fundamentally from those of taste and smell because:

Back 12

hearing is sensed by the bending of hairs while taste and smell involve the binding of molecules to receptors.

Front 13

Multiple sclerosis attacks which part of the neuron?

Back 13

myelin sheath

Front 14

The synapse consists of:

Back 14

a presynaptic cell, a postsynaptic cell, and the space between them, called the synaptic cleft.

Front 15

When you put a piece of chocolate on your tongue, your brain registers a sensation of sweetness. What aspect of molecules is responsible for their having a particular taste?

Back 15

the molecule's shape

Front 16

Each neuron has two different extensions from its main central body, these are called the:

Back 16

dendrites and axons.

Front 17

Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?

Back 17

cell body

Front 18

Every muscle fiber is packed with myofibrils--repeating units called sarcomeres.

The image above shows a sarcomere. Why does the sarcomere appear striated?

Back 18

the overlapping filaments of actin and myosin create a banding pattern

Front 19

Why have animals evolved with the bulk of their sensory equipment at the surface of their bodies?

Back 19

The surface is the part of the body that senses changes in the environment.

Front 20

Which of the following structures connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres to each other?

Back 20

corpus callosum.

Front 21

Brain tumors (like most tumors) are generally the result of unstoppable cell division. Yet in adult humans, most neurons in the brain do not divide at all. How can these two facts be reconciled?

Back 21

Brain tumors are usually formed from glial cells, the supporting cells of the brain, which divide regularly.

Front 22

Curare is a lethal poison that has been used at the tips of darts used for hunting. Curare causes paralysis by blocking receptor sites in synapses with muscles. Curare probably blocks the effects of which neurotransmitter?

Back 22

acetylcholine

Front 23

In individuals with multiple sclerosis, myelin is gradually lost. What symptoms would you expect these individuals to exhibit?

Back 23

Their neurons gradually lose their ability to conduct electrical impulses.

Front 24

A neuron that is resting has a ______________ membrane. This means that inside the membrane the charge is ____________ then outside the neuron.

Back 24

polarized, less than

Front 25

The connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone is also known as:

Back 25

a tendon.

Front 26

The primary visual area of the human brain is located in:

Back 26

the occipital lobe.

Front 27

Which one of the following statements about the sensory receptors in the human eye is true?

Back 27

The rods are more sensitive to light but do not distinguish colors; the cones are less sensitive to light, but are able to distinguish colors in daylight.

Front 28

When action potentials spread through a muscle fiber and causes a minimum unit of contraction, this is called a:

Back 28

twitch.

Front 29

A neuron only has one:

Back 29

axon.

Front 30

The time it takes for one full sequence of a contraction and a relaxation is called the _________ speed.

Back 30

twitch

Front 31

Which of the following is NOT one of the major categories of vertebrate muscle cells?

Back 31

respiratory muscle

Front 32

Neurons conduct and receive information from other neurons in the form of electrical currents. The receiving end of the neuron is the _______________ while the conducting end of the neuron is the ______________. In between one neuron's conductor and other's neuron's receiver is a space called the ______________.

Back 32

dendrite; axon; synapse.

Front 33

Interneurons:

Back 33

are confined to the spinal cord and brain.

Front 34

Sensory receptors in your skin include:

Back 34

mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and pain receptors.

Front 35

Which of the following is NOT an example of a true skeletal system found in nature?

Back 35

an axial skeleton

Front 36

(see full question) Which neurotransmitter is associated with the connection between a neuron and the muscle cell it stimulates?

Back 36

acetylcholine

Front 37

When two ends of voluntary muscle attach to different bones, those bones form a juncture commonly referred to as a ________. The contracting muscle can then create movement by pulling one bone towards the other.

Back 37

joint

Front 38

The simplest type of skeleton found in the animal world is the:

Back 38

hydrostatic skeleton.

Front 39

Motor neurons:

Back 39

convey signals to muscles or glands.

Front 40

Of all the vertebrae that can rotate around each other, in what part of the spinal column would you expect these vertebrae to be?

Back 40

in the neck

Front 41

How does the Z line function in contraction of a skeletal muscle?

Back 41

anchors the thin actin filaments

Front 42

The blockage of adenosine receptors in the brain causes:

Back 42

alertness.

Front 43

In our sense of smell, airborne chemicals:

Back 43

drift through the nostrils and bind to smell chemoreceptors.

Front 44

How do the visual systems of flatworms differ from that of humans?

Back 44

Flatworms obtain direct light information from photoreceptors arranged in eye cups; humans have image-forming eye structures.

Front 45

Why does your hand feel cold when you reach into the freezer to get a carton of ice cream?

Back 45

Thermoreceptors send electrical signals to your posterior hypothalamus.

Front 46

How are neurons able to distinguish different forms of stimuli, such as the difference between light and sound?

Back 46

Different stimuli travel to different parts of the brain.

Front 47

DDT causes the sodium channels in insect neurons to open. What effect will this have on an insect?

Back 47

Its neurons will fire uncontrollably

Front 48

Novocaine prevents neurons from firing. What is its most likely mechanism?

Back 48

It prevents sodium channels from opening.

Front 49

Which part of the limbic system is responsible for the transfer of short-term memory to long-term memory?

Back 49

the hippocampus

Front 50

Which of the following is the best description of a synapse?

Back 50

a presynaptic neuron and its connection to a post-synaptic neuron, gland, or muscle.

Front 51

Which of the following is NOT an example of a true skeletal system found in nature?

Back 51

an axial skeleton

Front 52

Based on studies on altruistic behavior, it appears that humans:

Back 52

have increased activity in the brain's reward center when they are kind and cooperative.

Front 53

Puffer fish can be toxic to eat because they contain tetrodotoxin, a poison that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. If you consumed this toxin, what effect would this have on motor neurons?

Back 53

It would prevent the movement of action potentials along the neuronal membrane

Front 54

Odors and taste are all:

Back 54

chemical signals.

Front 55

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors at the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction. What is most likely to be a symptom of this disease?

Back 55

weakness

Front 56

The blood-brain barrier:

Back 56

is a semi-permeable barricade that allows essential nutrients and gases to pass through.

Front 57

The antidepressant medication called Prozac works by:

Back 57

increasing the amount of serotonin in synapses.

Front 58

Wernicke's Area of the brain is responsible for:

Back 58

language comprehension.

Front 59

Though both extend from every neuron, dendrites and axons differ in many ways and functions. Which of the following is NOT a correct difference between the two?

Back 59

Axons tend to reach shorter distances in the body than dendrites.

Front 60

Neurotransmitters in a synaptic cleft have all of the following possible fates EXCEPT:

Back 60

inactivation by acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.

Front 61

You accidently grab the handle of a metal coffee mug that is extremely hot. Your hand is withdrawn quickly, without even thinking about it. Which shows the correct order of the different types of neurons that are involved in this situation?

Back 61

sensory neuron; interneuron; motor neuron

Front 62

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the connection between a neuron and the muscle cell it stimulates?

Back 62

acetylcholine

Front 63

An action potential is initiated by:

Back 63

movement of sodium ions into the neuron.

Front 64

How are neurons able to distinguish different forms of stimuli, such as the difference between light and sound?

Back 64

Different stimuli travel to different parts of the brain.

Front 65

Which labeled region in the image above is the area containing all of the myosin filaments?

Back 65

A band

Front 66

A person receives a blow to their head and suddenly that person loses their ability to remember and recall sounds. Which lobe of their cerebrum is the most likely site of the brain damage?

Back 66

temporal lobe

Front 67

Which of the following is NOT true about taste receptors?

Back 67

Taste receptors are stimulated only by any molecule that is soluble in saliva.

Front 68

How are impulses transferred from one neuron cell to another?

Back 68

An electrical impulse travels down the axon of a neuron and stimulates an adjacent neuron by the release of neurotransmitters.